Ethic Inspection Of The Imperial Civil Service Examination System

Imperial civil service examination system is a basic system ofselecting officials in Chinese history. It originated in the Han Dynasty,founded in the Sui Dynasty, established in the TangDynasty,completed in the Song Dynasty, thrived in the Ming, Qingdynasties, abolished in the Qing Dynasty, experienced Sui, Tang,Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty. According to the records inhistory books, from successful candidate in the highest imperialexaminations branch in the great undertaking first year in the SuiDynasty to Guangxu 31 calculated, then officially abolished, itcontinuously has existed the 1300th anniversary.Following Observation election and Recommendation election,imperial civil service examination system is a Chinese ancientBachelor-selecting system extending for 1300 years. It broke thepowerful official monopoly career of "hearts without a poor family,no aristocratic roots," and the power authority of assigning an official.It caused Chinese social culture and politic to obtain vigor and vitality,not only to maintain and consolidate the rule of centralized absolutemonarchy, but also to highlight and promote Confucianism ethicsmorals at the core of loyalty, patriotism filial piety, sense of honor,Justice and humanity and ritual wisdom. The Chinese ancient imperialcivil service examination system essentially serves for maintaining therule of centralized absolute monarchy, has Special character ofinstituting Confucianism ethics morals and causing the education toservice for politics. Imperial civil service examination systemcontains a large number of ethical issues, not only takes theConfucianism meaning of the Confucian classics as the core and theprimary intention in the content of the examination, but also deeplyinfluenced and impacted by the Confucianism ethics morals in theorganization and form in the examination. Therefore, in a sense, ahistory of Imperial civil service examination system, in fact, is a development history that Confucianism ethics morals get into politicsand become mainstream ideology, is a history of Confucianism ethicsmorals system history. Studying imperial civil service examinationsystem, there should be a moral perspective and combined with ethicmorals, especially Confucianism ethics morals, to understand andgrasp, Otherwise, it is difficult to know the real nature of the imperialcivil service examination system; it is also difficult to make ascientifically realistic analysis and appraisal.The China imperial civil service examination system take bringshonor to Confucianism's ethics morals as an own duty, takedisseminates, inherits and develops by "Loyalty and filial piety, thesense of honor, the justice and humanity,ritual wisdom" as the coreConfucianism morals as the home to return to, take maintains and theconsolidated imperial authority as the ultimate goal. The mainstandard of selecting and appointing the talented people is "morality",that is ethical. In the great cause consists of three (607) and was:"Success elders have heard, human relationships, and this moralhonest. Behave base. Or it can be said that justice festival, parade orperform clean, so severely depleted custom useful weathering. Ethosof integrity, they do not obstruct the constitution. Min academicsuperiority, the United States and literary talent show use the templeGallery, Hu, whose funds at the Stadium. Humphreys will be onlyslightly, and then removed to Unti, plenty brave and strong Ren is awatchdog. I love art and desirable, with regard to the taking, we givepeople well, with no abandon." This explicitly pointed out that theimperial civil service examination takes attest heavily selecting thesepeople of good morals. The avocation of morals carried out in theimperial civil service examination test is to be bring honor to theConfucianism morals tradition, expounds intrinsic significance andthe value of the Confucianism ethic morals from the scientific theoryor principle in order to set an example personally of the Confucianismethics morals for the official and study. The Tang Dynasty and theSong Dynasty felled the vigorous growth of the imperial civil service examination test, lifted the Confucianism ethics culture to the veryhigh status, the ruling class raised the high tide time and time again ofrespecting Kong and advocating the Confucianism theory, leadedinnumerable examinees and even the royal government officials tostudy the Confucianism classics, carry forward the Confucianismmorals, combined with the national government, individual tutelageand the educational popular as a body, then, caused the imperial civilservice examination test to become the important mechanism or themethod for promoting and propagandizing the Confucianism ethicsculture.The imperial civil service examination system is one kind systemof selecting officials to connect education and politics, its basicvaluable goal is selecting a outstanding person for governing countryand politics, caused the national politics bright and the custom pure.In terms of the ultimate value goal, carried forward Confucianismpolitical mind of "the morals", realized ethics political and politicsethical. Through the specific test programming and the fair idealpursue, the imperial civil service examination system, focused tosociety's government and the custom purification, guided theexaminee to care about politics, established and realized own politicalmorals idea. In all previous dynasties, imperial civil serviceexamination test, the reorganization of Confucianism ethics basicvalue orientation and how to solve the actual problem by using theConfucianism ethics, which is its invariable subject.The eight-legged essay selecting scholars for public officepopulating in the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty was alsoclosely centering on the Confucianism morals to launch. Regardless ofthe Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty or the Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty,the imperial civil service examination test all advocated theConfucianism thought, took the Confucianism "Four books and fiveclassics" as the authoritative text, requested the examinee to studyhow to take an examination according to the principle road of "Fourbooks and five classics", in order to get a good result, obtained the academic honor. The eight-legged essay was evolved by Confucianclassics of Song Dynasty, it requested to speak instead of saints andsages' person, carried on explaining Confucianism's sublime wordswith deep meaning concretely, explained and proved theConfucianism ethics morals thought by putting oneself inConfucianism saints and sages' psychology and thought.Imperial civil service examination system for 1,300 years, interms of the relationship of Chinese social politic and culturaleducation, in terms of Chinese nation ethics culture influence, hassome kind of double-edged sword nature. We persisted the Marxismhistory analysis and the materialistic dialectical viewpoint, earnestlysummarize the advantages and the shortcomings in imperial civilservice examination system and give a fair assessment.In the whole looked, the imperial civil service examinationsystem has both own historical progress and ethics rationality and itsown ethical shortcomings and deficiencies. In terms of F historicalprogress and ethics rationality, the system has significant impact onall aspects of Chinese politic, education, society and culture from suiDynasty to Tang Dynasty in 1300 culture. It realized a denial of theprivilege system through lighting family status, valuing scholarship,and appointing people on merit, realized the mobile from top tobottom in various social strata throughThe equal competition test and the talented person selection.Imperial civil service examination system made Confucianism ethicsmorals to obtain official reorganization and commendation;meanwhile, it expedited the literary intelligentsia spirit formation andthe development. In certain degree, imperial civil service examinationsystem molded China ancient social cultural shape and intellectual'sdisposition and image. Moreover, the imperial examination system forthe East Asian countries and Western countries learned from theimperial civil service examination system which had the extremelyprofound influence to the world civilization. Regarding of its lackingof ethic and social ills, primarily reflected on stale test content and ascetical test way, it couldn't meet the needs of the situationdevelopment. Many diseases of simplifying and formulating the valueconfirmation of individual in the eight-part essay selecting scholarssystem made the imperial civil service examination system a tool tohunt fame. Confucianism classics read more and more skilled; theeight-legged essay writes more and more well, the moral behavioractually more and more missed, more and more many scholarsdifferently turned into the slavery and slave of imperial civil serviceexamination test. Qing Dynasty later period, the science andtechnology progressed by leaps and bounds in the western countries,China lagged far behind in the trend of the times and the developmentof the world. The imperial civil service examination system stillencouraged candidates immersing themselves in the "Four Books" and"Five Classics" and the Eight. Regarded science and technology as the"strange skill" and ignored them. It seriously separated from thetendency of social development and the request of technique culturedevelopment which created extremely bad consequences.In brief, just like a mirror, the ethics moral effect of imperialcivil service examination system has a good side and an evil side. Interms of the historical development course, conscience is bigger thanevil in the early period, conscience and evil is half-and-half in themiddle period, and evil is bigger than conscience in the later period.In terms of motivation and effect, fact and value, the originalmotivation of the imperial civil service examination system was goodor quite good, however, the effect appeared afterwards was not good,even quite bad. The value direction of imperial civil serviceexamination system is morals; however, there were many non- moraland even counter- moral factors on the fact stratification plane. Theimperial civil service examination system caused the Confucianismethics morals to be instituted and political, which fully realized therealistic value and the historical function of the Confucianism ethicsmorals. However, the instituted and political Confucianism ethicsmorals exactly have one side which curried favor to the feudalism centralization and the absolute monarchy, actually lost the Confucianorthodoxy spirit of "comply with the morals, not comply with theEmperor" in the Confucianism ethics morals, therefore, which decidedthe instituted and political Confucianism ethics morals inevitably todisintegrate along with the disintegration of imperial civil serviceexamination system. No doubt, it has more historical limitation andrealistic conservation compared to its theory or the indanthreneConfucianism ethics morals.Imperial civil service examination system became a historicalthing of past, which is an inevitable outcome of historicaldevelopment, no matter what it played a positive role in history.British economist Bagehot said, "The entire history of civilizationfilled the principles and the systems which were very precious at firstand finally caused the person to be fatal." Chinese imperial civilservice examination system is this system which was very precious atfirst and finally caused the person to be fatal. Today, we study theimperial civil service examination system and its ethics moralquestions in order that we can summarize the historical experienceand lesson better to serve to the contemporary ethics moralreconstruction.