The Formation And Evolution Of U.S.-Australian Alliance (1945-1973)

As one of Mainstays of American Asia-Pacific alliance system, the U.S.-Australian ally played an important influence in holding back the Communist power. The period from 1945 to 1973 is an important time for formation and evolution of American-Australian Alliance, and the formation, development and characteristics of U.S.-Australian Alliance are closely connective to the cold war. Most existing studies about American-Australian Alliance focused on the perspective of the Foreign policy of Australia. The authors turn the viewpoint of this research to the side of US, and try to dig and uncover the decision-making process of American Foreign policy towards Australia and the mutual influence of America and Australia. Finally, the characteristics and essence of the the U.S.-Australian ally of the Cold War were recognized and discovered further.Based on the relevant monographs and articles, the declassified archives from National security Council, documents about foreign relations of United States, and Department files on Australian affairs etc, applied the researching method of historical materialism, the dissertation explain the formation and development of U.S.-Australian Alliance in the Cold War, and discover the processes of the allying formation and development, and characteristics from the perspective of the evolution of America geographic and Asia-pacific secure strategies and from the core historical affairs in the process of U.S.-Australian Alliance.This dissertation is composed of three parts of introduction, text and conclusion. The necessity and importance of the subject were narrated in the part of introduction. The academic history of the researches on U.S.-Australian relation was also reviewed, and thoughts and structure for writing the dissertation were mentioned. The part of conclusion was corresponding to the researching aim put forward in the introduction, and summarized the narrations in the body text. The body text consists of the following five chapters.In the first chapter, the necessity and possibility for the formation of U.S.-Australian Alliance were discussed by analyzing of the importance of Australia as one of mainstays of American Asia-pacific alliance system under the background of the confrontation between Russia and The U.S. in the Asia-Pacific area, and considering to design the Foreign policy of The U. S. and Australia after the world war II. The development between Australia and the U.S. was hard in the initial stage after the world war II. There was a disagreement on how to use the Manus base and the problem of Japan between Australia and the U.S. However, with spread of the Cold War in Asia-pacific region, The U.S. strove to build up Asia-pacific Collective Defense, which was dominant under its leadership. The south-western area of the pacific, which was always taken as "margin area" by policy designers, was gradually included in the range of the Cold War. At the same time, Australia, as the principal part in the Oceania, had been seeking the security promise from the U.S. for signing a pacific region security Treaty.In the second chapter, the adjustment of the U. S. towards the pacific pact policy was discussed after the Korean War, and detailed formation of U.S.-Australian Treaty was analyzed. The Korean War is the important turning point for the formation of U.S.-Australian Alliance. The Korean War aggravated the cold-war tension in the Asia-Pacific region, The U.S. needed Australia help not only at Korean War battlefield but also on the dispute of peace treaty with Japan, Finally, the status of Australia was promoted greatly in the safety strategy of US. The U.S. adjusted the policy of foreign relations in order to meet the change of the situation in Asia-pacific region after breaking out the Korean War. With quickening the making peace with Japan, The U.S. also promoted to sign the policy toward pacific pact, which could take safe to ally. In the early of 1951, Dulles set forth the stand of the U. S. on his travel to Australia, and the Australia agreed with the pact towards Japan, and finally, The U.S. signed The Security Treaty between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States of America (ANZUS) with Australia and New Zealand in the three parts. ANZUS in 1951 is the turn-point of Southwest Pacific strategy of US, indicating the found of U.S.-Australian Alliance.In the third chapter, the Course of Indochina policy of US and Australia was analyzed by the way of combination the basic creed and explicit policy of US and Australia. In order to intervene Indochina, U.S. strive for the help from the side of Australia, and Australia gradually lose the balance between the U.K. and the U.S., fully supported U.S. to build the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). The foundation of SEATO make U.S.-Alliance with effect of double-insurance. U.S.-Alliance completely became the important mainstays of containment strategy of Asian-pacific region. It has great importance in understanding U.S.-American alliance in the period.In the fourth chapter, the long-range policy toward Australia was reviewed by analysis the unfold NSC5713 series documents. Although U.S. consciously intensified U.S.-Australian Alliance at that time, there existed disagreement between America and Australia in Suez Crisis, the problem of west Irian and the conflict between of Indonesia and Malaysia on border. The contravention could be revealed between American global strategy and regional country behalf. The hypotaxis status of Australia in adjustment of the American fixed policy revealed the anisomerous Alliance. The Alliance could continuously develop at base of regulation, which also reflected the stability of U.S.-Australian Alliance.In the last chapter, the intensified history of U.S.-Australian Alliance in Vietnam War was discussed. Australia entangled the Vietnam war following US. They supported America both in politics and military. Australia became one of the most loyal and dependent partner. The consolidation of U.S.-Australian alliance intensified the dependence of Australia to U.S. in foreign and defense policy.