"Cultural Hegemony": The CornerStone Of The Proletariat Regime Legitimacy

Cultural hegemony is the core of Gramsci's political ideology and ideological theories, and it is Gramsci's outstanding contribution to the development of the Marxism , as one of the most unique Marxist theoretician after the death of Lenin, and it is one of the Gramsci' significant thoughts, which have an impact on the future generations. This dissertation treats the relationship between the cultural hegemony and the proletariat regime legitimacy as a breakthrough point, while inspecting systematically on this thought and the related philosophic thinking, political thinking, makes every effort to reclaim and explain Gramsci's cultural hegemony again under the multiple apparent thresholds in the philosophy, the politics, ethics, the literature, the human study and so on. This dissertation is comprised of four broad components:The first part of this dissertation mainly expounds the source, background and the essential implication of the thought of the cultural hegemony. The sources of the theory include not only the Italian native resources (Machiavelli's politics theory, Labriola's practical philosophy, Croce's Ethics-politics history), but also Lenin's thought of the"political leadership", as well as the Sorel's"revolution syndicalism"which is the direct source of the thought of the cultural hegemony. The thought's historical background refers to the Third International's influence which is its international background, also includes Gramsci's reflections and summarization of the domestic background (the way of the bourgeoisie in power, the lesson from the proletariat practices). When explaining the basic meaning of the thought of culture hegemony, the part examines the translations in Chinese of the Italian word"egemonia", contrasts, analyzes and takes a textual research for its etymology. Accordingly, exploring the three essential factor("culture","leadership","power"), the part defines the essential implication and the characteristic(dynamic, non-compulsory, authority)of the cultural hegemony.The second chapter explores the specific contents of the thought of the cultural hegemony. By analyzing the "free" consent and the "collective will ", which are the premise and target of the cultural hegemony, the part points out the significant influence of the people's"consent"in establishing and strengthening the cultural hegemony. Through studying the civil society,in which the cultural hegemony works, the part expounds Gramsci's"integral state"theory and reveals the"cultural"turning in his study of the civil society. The part analyzes the relationship between the intellectual theory and the proletariat party after the analysis of the"organic"intellectuals, who organize and spread the thought of the cultural hegemony. By exploring the"war of position"connecting"criticalness consciousness"with education, by which the cultural hegemony is obtained, the part reveals the strategic application of the culture hegemony. By examining the function of the cultural hegemony in establishing and strengthening the leadership of the proletariat, the part shows the cultural hegemony provides a cultural and moral cornerstone for the legitimacy of the proletariat regime in the deep level.The third chapter discusses Gramsci's the thought of the cultural hegemony. With regard to the status of Gramsci's thought of the cultural hegemony, it made a significant impact on the development of the Marxism, especially the dissemination and development of Marxism in Italian, even in the west. The practical philosophy, as the foundation of the cultural hegemony, has transcended the traditional materialism; through revealing the"organic"ideology and the function of the"social cement", Gramsci has realized the reformation of the theory of"inveracious ideology"Marx proposed. As far as its position in Gramsci's thoughts, the thought of the cultural hegemony is not only the core of his political thought, but also an important clue in all of his thoughts. In the philosophic view"the cultural hegemony"is the political application of the practical philosophy; in the view of politics, it shows the"integral"of the theory of the state; in the view of literature it displays such literary elements work as national language, literary arts etc. For Gramsci, the thought of the cultural hegemony fuses organically"the fragment"of thoughts of every domain. For the concept of the cultural hegemony, Gramsci has extended the meaning and the applicable scope of the thought of Marxist leadership, and implanted organically the cultural form and the ethical value factor in the thought of leadership. In innovating the specific contents of the cultural hegemony, Gramsci has realized the"cultural"turning in the study of the civil society and extended the intellectual's scope and the function, moreover, reformed the cultural and educational method and deepened the function of leadership and the national ideology. Certainly, while affirming some contributions of Gramsci's cultural hegemony thought, this part also refers to its insufficiency and practical limitation, so as to discuss it objectively and fairly.This fourth chapter of this dissertation concentrates on discussing the influence and the reality enlightenment of the cultural hegemony thought.The part firstly examines its"turning"impact on the Western ideological theory, which displays not only in the social status of the social structure but also in materiality of the content and the popular literature. In the changing of the Western ideological theory, the"turning"function of Gramsci's ideological theory, as the core of the thought of the cultural hegemony, has played significant effects on the later ages. Many scholars, including the outstanding representative of the Structuralism Marxism, Althusser and his student Poulantzas,"New Gramsci"school's representative, Laclau and Mouffe,"the second leader"of Frankfurt School Harbermas and"Orientalism"presenter Edward W. Said, have been benefiting from Gramsci's ideological thought directly or indirectly, and developed the"turning". The part elaborates the modern significance of the thought of the cultural hegemony, such as solving the multicultural conflicts, constructing the politics civilization and communist party of China (how to strength, and persist in party's authorities), strengthening the guidance of the Marxism in the ideology domain in the new times, establishing socialism core value system, and pressing mainstream ideological construction etc.In the concluding part, this dissertation will revolve the subject that"the cultural hegemony"goes with time and summarize the leitmotiv of Gramsci's cultural hegemony thought and the ideology theory primary intention, then elaborates the author's ponder regarding Gramsci's cultural hegemony thought and the related question in detail. With the help of cultural hegemony thought with the socialism core value system construction at present by comparison, this dissertation will show the time value of Gramsci's cultural hegemony thought.