NGOs And Afghan Reconstruction

The paper is written in the course of Afghan post-war reconstruction according to the macrocosmic instruction of the theory of civil society, which is along with the commonness of the development of NGOs, and the special study of emphasizing the generation of Afghan civil society. Through the technical route of the theory the literature analysis, the empirical analysis and the theoretical summary, it concretely studies the Afghanistan organizational structure of civil society, the roles, and the functions of each organization that plays in the course of Afghan reconstruction as well as the relationship among the organizations, the government and the contributed agencies. In the research, the paper unifies the macrocosm and microcosm, the history and the reality, the theoretical discussion and the empirical analysis. It mainly focuses on three levels on the analytic view of it. The first one is the viewpoint of approving the civil society theory in the theory and the analysis in which the civil society is thought to be the active stage of realizing the democracy, thus civil society has become the important component of "peace construction" in recent years. The second one is that in the analysis of civil society's organizational structure in Afghan, this article advocates that the understanding of civil society is not limited to the concept in the linguistic environment in west, but is regarded as a pure concept which studies with emphasis its concrete forms, the features and the functions in the specific surroundings. The last one is about the choice of the groups in Afghan post-war reconstruction, integrating the Afghan into the international relation category would make it that the groups of the international relationship, such as the United Nations, various country's governments, and the other international relation, etc. play the principal roles in Afghanistan reconstruction; at the same time, in the course of Afghan reconstruction, considerable international NGOs, civil society with every organization including NGOs in Afghan will play a more important role day by day in undertaking some concrete works such as, offer the massive humanistic rescue, improving the populace's survival requirement, enhancing the education of literacy, strengthening the rights and interests of women and so on. In the structure of the article, it inspects the interactive relations among them and the functions of the different groups ?as many as possible in the Afghan reconstruction for the sake of allowing a leeway for the following further research.The first part of the paper takes the Afghan post-war reconstruction (including political reconstruction, economic reconstruction and social reconstruction) as a point, disserts with emphasis the functions and the problems of the groups of the international relationships (like, the United Nations, various governments as well as international organizations) in the process of Afghan reconstruction, and thus draws a conclusion that "the historical joint effort" is needed in the Afghan reconstruction. It is unable to deal with all sorts of difficulties effectively faced during the course without the massive NGOs' widespread participation. Based on these through the theoretical summary it elaborates the generation, the condition of development and the foundation on organizational theory of NGOs, and simultaneously disserts, through the analyzing of the NGOs' type, the roles which played in reducing the conflict, eliminating poverty, maintaining the peace and the security of human.In the second part, it comprehensively surveys the generation and organizational structure of the society from a macrocosmic perspective, and develops some organizations, like the country organization (traditional Shura), Loya Jirga, the religious organizational structure, the modern country organization of development (new Shura), the NGOs, and the women NGO as well as the medium organization, and makes a thorough inquiry of gain and loss of every group of organization in civil society in participating in the business of Afghan reconstruction through the combination of comparing and summarizing, the history and the reality.In the third part, the paper analyzes the roles and the effects of the big Loya Jirga conference, the religious civil society, the women NGOs from a microcosmic angle in the course of the reconstruction. Besides, the fifth chapter in the paper uses the historical analytic method to examine the origin of Loya Jirga and its function in the formation and the development in Afghanistan state, and inspects the urgent Loya Jirga congress with emphasis after 2002 and the role which a constitutional Loya Jirga congress has played in Afghan politics reconstruction. And, the sixth chapter firstly breaks through the preinstall frame of the western theory of civil society, and then concretely inspects religious roles and the functions and the interactions which relate to the government specially that exist in the religious civil society, such as Ulama,Mullah, and mosque and so on from Afghan's economic condition of development and the tribal culture. The seventh chapter makes the special analysis from the function and the challenge of one important type of NGOs—the women NGOs (including international women NGOsandthe domestic women NGOs in Afghanistan) in promoting the female rights and interests, enhancing the female education, improving the female health in Afghan reconstruction.Based on the above research, the paper draws the following conclusions: Afghan civil society is one organic unity containing the traditional and the modern factors; the appearance of the Afghan problems is interwove with the internal and external various factors, so that the Afghan post-war reconstruction also needs "the joint effort" which is composed of many kinds of strengths of domestic and international society; while, inspecting the relations among the NGOs, the official organization and the relations of agencies, through the multi-dimensions and the multi- level analyses it can demonstrate the complex dynamic relations between each that separation includes relation, that competition includes cooperation, that self-independence includes dependence, that resistance includes promotion; the same as any thing in the course, Afghan NGO also has its insufficient and difficult side which should be faced with. Thus, the fact that how to solve the problems which occur in the self-development of NGOs directly influence whether the Afghan NGOs can lastingly and effectively give full play in the post-war reconstruction.