On Marx's "Phenomenology Of Human Existence"

Where did the revolution of Marxist philosophy happen? This is a fatal but un-clarified question to Marxist philosophy. Two classical interpretations of Marxist philosophy—"Materialism + Dialectic" and "practical materialism" undeniably contributed greatly to uncovering Marxist revolutionary philosophy. However, the former has been facing insurmountable difficulties of mechanical dualism, and the latter has not been clarified ontologically. With the close inspect into German-classical philosophy, the direct theoretical source of Marxist philosophy was further studied. The awakening of historical consciousness in 19th century "woke up" the hermeneutic tradition of Marx's philosophy; Heidegger's "Dasein" and its world which blushed by "the current start state" opens the gateway to the meaning of existence in the sight of phenomenology. The above three together provided a historical opportunity for re-understanding of Marxist philosophy and its revolutionThe naissance of phenomenology was the inevitable requirement for philosophy to return to itself. It was the "secret longing" of modern philosophy and the inevitable result in its seeking "truth". The "phenomenon" in phenomenology is "opening", with no essence behind it, because "phenomenon" is everything. "Back to things itself is the slogan of phenomenology which can be traced back to Hegel's Phenomenology of spirit. "Things itself has three basic provisions: self-sufficiency, internalizing (or subjectivity) and generating. These three constitute a three-in-one relationship. There are different kinds of phenomenology due to different understanding of "things itself. As one kind, Heidegger's phenomenological philosophy is to find a Final premise - human beings' original existence, so that philosophy can achieve self-determination. The reason that Heidegger's philosophy could give an opening to Marxist philosophy lies in its generative perspective. "Praxis", a way of human beings' existence, has a character of "Let exist", from which "nature", "society" and all others were generated. It is the qualification which can play the logical start of "human beings' phenomenology".There are three direct theological sources of Marxist philosophy. The first is Hegel's phenomenology and dialectic. It was the self-opening and self-negating of spirit that satisfied the intrinsic requirement of philosophy itself. This enlightened Marx. He transformed the inversion of Hegel's philosophy through returning to human beings' existence. At the same time revived dialectics to be of human existence. The second source was young Hegelians' criticism of social reality. Although the influence is not very long, its importance should not be denied. Marx's historicism perspective was cultivated from it. The third is Feuerbach's humanism started from the sentimental existence of human beings and nature. It played a key role in the process of Marx's abandoning Speculative philosophy. Marx's transcendence lies in his interpreting human beings' existence as perceptual activity, instead of perceptual intuition. Perceptual activity was a path to new philosophy, while perceptual intuition lapsed into modern ontology."Praxis" as the way of human beings' existence has the characteristic of "let exist", i.e. the transcendence of human beings' existence from which all other things including "nature "and "society" were generated. In this sense, "Praxis" is the founder and opener of realistic person and the existing world. This means that Marx negated the logic-first of Speculative philosophy and the thinking way of "time -first. It is this that generated the logical start of "human beings' existence phenomenology". History as opening of human beings' existence is actually the activity of realistic person. On the one hand it enlightened the world and eradicated the question why human beings' recognition of the objective world has objectivity. On the other hand, the generative perspective of the essence of human beings was obtained. So it eradicated metaphysical humanism. And Ideology Criticism as the mission of Marxist philosophy is the inherent meaning of "phenomenology of human beings' existence"; it also means the hermeneutical characteristic of Marx's philosophy. The main contents of Ideology Criticism contain criticism of non-historical attitude to national economists, young Hegelians and Proudhon. The main content of Dialectic as the generating style of human beings' opening is the opening of history towards future, and its dialectical style is three-one formula. There were three typical three-one formulas. The first one was free conscious labor——alienated labor——sublation of alienated labor. The second formula was: the period dominant by human beings' interdependence——the period dominant by human beings' inter-independence with dependence upon objects. The third formula was: private ownership based on individual labor——Capitalist private ownership——Socialist public ownership; Marx's economics as Historical Narrative of "phenomenology of human beings' existence" constitutes a complement of Marx's philosophy. Human characteristic of Marx's economics, originated from humanistic features of "phenomenology of human beings' existence", is beyond National economics.According to the inherent spirit of phenomenology, "phenomenology of human beings' existence" not only is a complement of the phenomenological movement but also has large advantage that lies in its special historical perspective, dialectic of human beings' existence and theoretical character of "changing the world".In summary, the activating characteristic of "praxis" is an opener of "realistic individual" and existing perceptual world. History and its dialectic is the main content of "phenomenology of human existence". So "phenomenology of human existence" is a kind of real interpretation of Marx's philosophy.