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Administrative Reform. Transition Chinese Political Parties Led The Kinetic Analysis

Posted on:2010-07-04Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:G J JiangFull Text:PDF
GTID:1116360302979305Subject:Administrative Management
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Since the reform and opening-up in 1978 which launched the comprehensive and profound social transformation of China,the administrative reform of China has been continuously and piously implementing.There are six extensive administrative reforms successively,the status of administrative reform has been highlighted day by day among overall reform frameworks and has gradually become the "key for comprehensively in-depth reform and improving the level of opening-up to the outside".But when the administrative reform achieved many active achievements in recent 30 years,a basic consensus of academic circles is that actual transformations of government function and administrative behavior are only in preliminary stage,even the main aspects are backward,and the administrative reform has not obtained a fundamental breakthrough process from the perspective of due high standard and it only has obtained relatively limited achievement.A thought-provoking question is that why the administrative reform of China starting from 1978 becomes a limited reform which is constantly impelled? This directly involves the question on the dynamics of administrative reform which is the original reason for research in this article and a core theoretical proposition running throughout this article.With regard to understanding the dynamics of Chinese administrative reform during the transformation period,the following four core questions which are closely interrelated can not be divided:Who conducts the reform? Why the reform is conducted? How the reform is implemented? What kind of influence will be exerted by the reform? They separately involve the four aspects of main body of reform, motivation of reform,path of reform and effect of reform,among which the most important aspect is the main body of reform.Only when the action logic of main body of reform,as the main line,is firmly grasped,we can clearly explain the dynamics of administrative reform.Herefrom,this article puts the key angle of view on the dynamic analysis of administrative reform upon the action logic of CCP(Chinese Communist Party) which serves as the sole ruling party of contemporary China.From the foundation of new China to the reform and opening-up in 1978,under the traction of thinking inertia as a revolutionary party and with the impetus of political construction logic as establishing the country based on the party,the Chinese Communist Party has gradually established a political framework with a high integration of party and state,but the Chinese Communist Party began the adaptive reform process for relative independence of party and state after 1978 and the overall framework of integration of party and state is not changed and also will not be changed.The political framework based on party and state with Chinese characteristics in the transformation period determines the status of CCP as the sole ruling party and the identity as the leader in the comprehensive reform,and it also determines the vivid leading feature as a ruling party in the administrative reform during the transformation period,therefore the administrative reform under the leading of the Chinese Communist Party is interpreted as the party-led administrative reform in this article.The power structure within the communist party which is called the democratic centralism of the Chinese Communist Party determines that the centrally political authority serves as the representative of supreme power center of party and the most important personification and it is the supreme decision-maker overall designer and main propellent of party-led administrative reform.The party-government bureaucrat is the sub-decision maker,the designer of partial affairs and the principal agent,which plays a role as the body of implementation motivation. At the same time,the decision-making brainpower,the public scholars and mass people separately play a role as auxiliary propulsion body or body of fundamental propulsion in the party-led administrative reform.As a special body of behavior,the behavior of Chinese Communist Party undoubtedly has special objective function and conditional restriction.Only starting from the guidance of multiple goals and the restraint of multiple conditions,the special behaviors of impelling the administrative reform can be entirely and profoundly grasped.The centrally political authority of the party is on the top of bureaucratic system of party and state,and its own interest has a high compatibility with the party's interest and national interest,and the objective function and conditional restriction are also embodied mainly through the objective function and conditional restriction of centrally political authority.This article conducts the analysis on the pivotal goal of the Chinese Communist Party "in power for a long time" and the core economic goal of "economic development",the core political goal of "political civilization",the core national goal of "national rejuvenation" as well as the starting condition restriction of behavior,knowledge restriction,gaming restriction and ideology restriction through integrating the universality of ruling party and the individuality of the Chinese Communist Party.Therefore,the evolution of the administrative reform under the leading of the Chinese Communist Party in the transformation period is interpreted as a gradual process of rational choice conducted by the Chinese Communist Party on the basis of its own objective function under the special constraint condition in this article.Under the special constraint condition,the Chinese Communist Party chooses and reforms economic system on the basis of the core economic goal as "economic development" and chooses and reforms political system on the basis of the core political goal as "political civilization".The choice and reform of economic system and political system continuously suffer the restriction and revision implemented by the core nation goal as "national rejuvenation" and the pivotal goal as "being in power for a long time".But the choice and reform which are conducted by the Chinese Communist Party for the economic and political reform jointly determine the choice and reform of the administrative system.Along with above stream of thoughts,this article discusses the basic process and internal logic of starting and impelling the track transferred to marketization and adaptive administrative reform for realizing the core economic goal of "economic development",which is conducted by CCP after 1978 gradually and constantly.It also dicusses the basic process and internal logic of CCP's starting and impelling the track transferred to marketization and precursory administrative reform for realizing the core political goal of "political civilization".Then this article conducts the analysis on the motivation mechanism of adaptive administrative reform and source of lag,the motivation mechanism of precursory administrative reform and obstruction of impelling from the perspective of the "up and down interaction "of the central political authority,decision-making brainpower,public scholars,mass people and party- government bureaucracy,as the four main motivation bodies,which means that the article separately discusses the marketization dynamics of administrative reform and democratization dynamics implemented by the Chinese Communist Party in the transformation period.Thereinto,the adaptive administrative reform is interpreted as the reform with the characteristic of "applicability" on the administrative system implemented by the Chinese Communist Party since 1978 to adapt the demand of economic system reform of market-oriented and the precursory administrative reform means the precursory value reform conducted by the Chinese Communist Party since 1978 on the administrative system for driving the democratization transformation of political system and avoiding possible political risks.Such two concepts in this article are mainly for the distinction on dynamics,but not for the distinction on the contents.Accordingly,although this article has made a rough distinction on the contents of the adaptive administrative reform and the precursory administrative reform,such distinction on contents only has a relative meaning,the contents of the two unavoidably have a intersectant part.This article further discusses the basic process and internal logic of gradually starting and constantly enlarging the opening to the outside world,and actively joining the globalization by CCPC for realization of national rejuvenation after 1978. Then it points out the administrative reform led by the Chinese Communist Party,no matter the adaptive administrative reform or the precursory administrative reform, they all have the obvious "characteristic of pressure" as a whole,which is used to deal with the pressure of competition of globalization.So,it can be called as the pressure administrative reform,and the analysis is conducted on the motivation system of the pressure administrative reform from the perspectives of "inside and outside interaction" of international activists such as governments of advanced nations, international organizations,multinational corporations and communicators of culture and academy,and domestic activists such as central political authority of the party, decision-making brainpower,public scholars,mass people and party-government bureaucrats,which actually conducts the specific analysis on the globalization dynamics of the party-led administrative reform during the transformation period.The pressure administrative reform is a concept defined for conveniently expressing the internal drive of the administrative reform led the party of China which is transformed from the external stress of globalization,and its concept differentiation with the adaptive administrative reform and the precursory administrative reform is based on dynamics.As to the contents,it actually covers the entire contents of adaptive administrative reform and the precursory administrative reform.This article discusses the political logic of constantly consolidating and reconstructing the legitimacy foundation as the ruling party by CCP for realizing the pivotal goal as a long-time ruling party,and it points out that the administrative reform is an important proposition even one of the key procedures of reconstructing and consolidating legitimacy foundation as the ruling party conducted by CCP in the transformation period.This article emphasizes that the ruling logic is a main line of dynamics of administrative reform led by CCP in the transformation period.One kind of coupled relation which is supported mutually not only exists among the core economic goal of "economic development",the core political goal of "political civilization",the core national goal of "national rejuvenation" and the pivotal goal of "as the ruling party for a long time" but also one kind of conflict relation of mutual contradiction in certain degree existing among them.But other goals basically unify and yield with the pivotal goal of "as the ruling party for a long time". Correspondingly,the reason for continuously impelling the economic system reform with market-orientation,the political system reform with democracy-orientation,the opening to the outside world with globalization-orientation and the corresponding administrative reform conducted by CCP since 1978 is to basically continuously consolidate the legitimacy foundation as the ruling party and continuously prolong the political position as a ruling party for a long term.The political logic of striving for being a ruling party for a long time conducted by CCP provides the continuous driving force of impelling administrative reform conducted by the party on the one hand,and it delimits the basic limitation of administrative reform conducted by the party on the other hand.On the basis of above arguments,a summative system analysis is conducted from two aspects,the macroscopical motivation and the concrete activist on the dynamics prospect of party-led administrative reform during the transformation period.On the one hand,the triple variations of marketization,democratization and globalization intensively require the demand to reform the government managed by CCP from its own layout of structure,fulfillment of function and way of act,which is the dynamics prospect of party-led administrative reform during the transformation period;On the other hand,the interaction of "combination between the higher and lower levels" of central political authority of the party and interaction of "combination between the internal and the external" by the domestic and foreign activists consisting of the micro kinetics prospect of party-led administrative reform in the transformation period.Throughout the thread between macro kinetics and micro kinetics,it undoubtedly serves as the political logic as the ruling party for a long time pursued by CCP and its centrally political authority,as the critical activists and the core motivation body.As to the party-led administrative reform during the transformation period,firstly, drived by guidance of multiple goals,especially the ruling logic,on the basis of marketization of the economy,democratization of politics and gradual rational design for merging into globalization,the central political authority of CCP experiences one kind of bottom-up institutional change with coerciveness which is forcedly impelled. But,this kind of institutional change with coerciveness only reflects the subjective desire of central political authority,and the objective result of institutional change relies on the corresponding actions conducted by other various activities on the basis of their own desires and interests and the induced bottom-up institutional change triggered.At the same time,during the continuous interaction of opening to the outside world and internal reform,the action logics of various activists in China including the central political authority inevitably suffer from the impetus and influence of various international activists to a large extent.The party-led administrative reform during the transformation period experiences the occurrence and evolution during the process of triple compatibility of marketization, democratization and globalization and mutual interaction between "combination between the higher and lower levels" of domestic and international activists and "combination between the internal and the external".What is needed the emphasis is that this article actually pays much attention to conduct the analysis on the mechanism of lagging behind of party-led administrative reform in the transformation period in the cognition,interest and system three aspects from the perspectives of various specific activists,through the dynamics analysis on the adaptive administrative reform and precursory administrative reform.One pivotal influencing factor is that the party- government bureaucrat plays a dual role of body of implementing motivation and primary block force in the party-led administrative reform during the transformation period.The party- government bureaucrat is in the middle position of "converging attack from top and bottom" in the huge dynamical system of administrative reform and its standpoint in the administrative reform is also historical and concrete,and it changes along with the change of type of bureaucrat or individual difference as well as the change of the influence of triggered by specific content of administrative reform in the specific stage.As the political agent,the party- government bureaucrat has the partial interest of compatibility with the centrally political authority and it also has its own partial interest and individual interest.And the bureaurats' interest of compatibility with the party's interest of being in power for a long time and even the general interest of country will correspondingly decline along with the decline of level and rank of bureaucracy.Especially,along with that elementary stage of administrative reform evolves into "system innovation" from "granting power and surrendering part of the profits",its basic theme evolves into transformation of the functions and behavioral norms from structural adjustment.Generally speaking,the underserved and improper power of party-government bureaucrat at all levels is increasingly limited and their undeserved and improper interest is increasingly impaired,and the role of setting back the administrative reform is increasingly obvious.In the actually political practice,on the basis of regulation of power structure, politically incentive mechanism of promotion tournament,economically incentive mechanism of financial federalization and its own consciousness of responsibility and consciousness of mission,some party- government bureaucrats become the important driving force of adaptive administrative reform and precursory administrative reform within certain range and certain degree,while some party- government bureaucrats conduct lots of opportunistic behaviors which are opposite the reform orientation of adaptive administrative reform and precursory administrative reform,which become the primary block force of administrative reform.In order to do not make the administrative reform come to a standstill and become a mere formality which further affect the overall situation of being in power, the centrally political authority conducts various methods on the overall framework at commission system of hierarchy to effectively spur and restrict the party- government bureaucrats at all levels and ensure the strategy implementation of administrative reform,among which the government performance appraisal and power supervision are the two most elementary institutional approaches.But,because the current system of administrative performance appraisal and system of power supervision suffer from the systematic difficulty of "from the top to the bottom" operation,not only many behaviors of going after government performance maximization conducted by the government bureaucrats deviate from the fundamental direction of adaptive administrative reform and precursory administrative reform,but also the power abuse of bureaucrats and spread of corruption phenomenon do not obtain the fundamental containment,therefore the substantial transformation of government function still suffers from many difficulties and the actual outcome of adaptive administrative reform and precursory administrative reform remains less optimistic.Upon this,the questions on the "North Paradox" of party-led administrative reform and the way to cope with such paradox,as the closing lines for this article are concluded.One of the political premise and research assumption is that the central political authority of the CCP is a political enterpriser who supersedes the selfishness of ruler and undertakes the assignments such as developing the party and promoting the nation and choosing the establishment of a People First harmonious government as its assignment to simplify the overcoming of "North Paradox" as a bureaucrat-control question.From the angles on the lagging origin of adaptive administrative reform and the impelling obstacle of precursory administrative reform, without effective bottom-up supervision over the bureaucrats,it is difficult to effectively supervise the real administrative acts of the party-government officials solely upon the strong bottom-up driving and one sided supervision by the political authority of the CCP,therefore,it is hard to push the material transformation of Chinese administrative system(namely,the government in a narrow sense,the transformation from structure and function to way of act).Accordingly,even from a simplified angle of bureaucrats' control,meeting the standards of material impulsion of party-led administrative reform in China still heavily depends on the further development of political system reform led by CCP.
Keywords/Search Tags:Transformation Period, Party-led, Administrative Reform, Dynamics of Administrative Reform, Ruling Logic, Adaptive Administrative Reform, Precursory Administrative Reform, Pressure Administrative Reform
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