Study On Latin American Communist Parties' Theory, Policy And Organization

It has been more than 160 years since the born of the first Communist Party of the world. During this more than one and a half century period, Communist Parties of the world have been persisting working for the realization of Socialism, and there has been lots of gains and loses. It makes great theoretical and practical sense to summarize and think about these gains and loses. Those of Latin American Communist Parties may be the richest of the world. What's more, the two basic problems which are how to combine Marxism with Practice and how to deal with the relationship between Internationalism and Nationalism, during the process of realizing Socialism have been particularly obvious within that of Latin American Communist Parties. So with the help of the Theory of Political Party Ecological Environment, the thesis is going to study on Latin American Communist Parties'ecological environment, historical development, theories, policies and organization, etc.The thesis is a case study about Latin American Communist Parties'survival, development and function. The interacting relationship between Latin American Communist Parties and their ecological environment is the main clue that runs through this thesis. On the basis of Political Party Ecological Environmental Systematic Principle, Ecological Environmental Theory, Unitary Methodology and Contradiction Rule, the thesis will use those methods of "division relating and concluding", "comparison-of-pair sorting" and "crisscrossing", etc. From the historical facts and data, the thesis tries to gain such objective as:The first, on the basis of the special social and historical conditions of Latin America, to card, describe and summarize the overall situation of Latin American Communist Parties'survival, development and function, so that one can draw lessons from this. And hope the study may do some basic job for the coming study on the same subject.The second, trying to get the overall and individual character of Latin American Communist Parties, trying to prove the diversity of Communist Parties'survival, development and function under different social and historical conditions, trying to discuss about how the Communist Parties combine Marxism with Practice under different social and historical conditions, how do they deal with the relationship between Internationalism and Nationalism, trying to find the law beneath the phenomenon, through the study of Latin American Communist Parties'ecological environment, historical development, theories, policies and organization.The third, through the case study of interaction between Latin American Communist Parties and their ecological environment, dwelling on the relationship between political party and its ecological environment, to reveal the law that decides political party's survival, development and function, to form more deep knowledge on the operation of political parties politics under different ecological environment.The structure or the main parts of the thesis are:introduction, this part deals with such problems as why select the subject, the importance of the study, present research condition, the methodology, the original ideas and the shortcomings. Besides the introduction, there are 6 parts. The first part describes the constituent elements, the contents and the characters of Latin American ecological environment, and analyzes the interacting relationship between Latin American Communist Parties and their ecological environment. The second part cards the overall conditions of Latin American Communist Parties in different phases systematically, points out the same problems the Communist Parties confronted with and the same characters they have in each phase particularly. The third part dwells on Latin American Communist Parties'answers to some basic questions, that's to say, the theoretical problems of Latin American Communist Parties. The fourth part is on the policy problems, which is focused not only on their nowadays policies no matter whether the party is being on power or not, but also on their longtime policies such as "periphery policy", "united-front policy" and "internationalism policy" which are to strengthen the revolutionary forces. The fifth part studies on the organizational problems such as the Communist Parties'constituent elements, the structure, the operating institutions and principles, etc. The last part analyzes why the Latin American Communist Parties have not gained power, summarizes their experiences and lessons, shows the law beneath the phenomenon, and points out the principles that the Communist Parties of the world including the Latin American Communist Parties should obey consciously. The main viewpoints of the thesis are:the first, the process of the political party's survival, development and function is in fact the process of the interacting between the political party and its ecological environment. Whether the political party can form virtuous interaction with its ecological environment or not, is the main factor that decides the party's condition. The interaction between the political party and its ecological environment not only includes the side that the ecological environment affects the political party through providing resources, demands and pressure on the party's theory, policy and organization, but also includes the side that the political party counter-affects the ecological environment through its policies. The key points that decides whether the political party can form virtuous interaction with the ecological environment is whether the channels that linking them together are smooth or not. The political party's policies can be seen as part of the linking channel in some points. So policies are very important to the party. While the political party's policies are made on the basis of theory, and the policies are implemented by the organization, the truth is that political party's theory, policy and organization elements decide the interaction effects jointly.Through lateral comparison, there is difference among different nation or area. As a result, political parties affected by them have different character of their own, interaction between political party and ecological environment has different character too. The theory, policy and organization of the political party must reflect and adapt to these individual elements. Through longitudinal comparison, political party's ecological environment varies as the time goes. During different periods ecological environment has different characters, and the resources, demands and pressure it provides varies too. The political party should make modification according to the varying ecological environment. The modification should include the theory can interpret new problems, policies and organization operation can deal with new situation at least.The second, whether a political party can gain the people's support is the key factor that decides the party's future. As one kind of political organization, a political party can not make its value come true unless it holds power no matter what kind of political party it belongs to. As to a political party that wants to gain power, it's hard to realize the goal without the people's support, because the people are the deciding strength on the battlefield with or without smoke. As to the political party that being in power, whether the popular inclines or not is the key factor that decides it's being or losing power, because the base of being in power is under the acceptance of the people.As to the Communist Party, the party must keep its class nature and historic mission in mind deeply, must be on the side of the people from the beginning to the end, must stand for the people all along, must pay close attention to the well-being of the people, must focus on and help to resolve all kinds of problems that concerning vital interests of the people.The third, the development process of the Communist Party can be seen as the interdependence, co-promoting and co-developing process of all kinds of political relationship inside and outside the party. Among which, as a political phenomenon associated with the Communist Party, the inner-party relations marking the development level of Communist Party civilization, reflecting the basic values of the Party, containing the confidence and strength of the Party, indicating the future of the Party. Inner-party relations are indispensable conditions for the establishment and the development of the Communist Party, and the basis of all the party's activity. The Communist Party can not develop before it deals with the inner-party correctly.Inner-party relations means that the relations and interaction patterns focusing on corresponding rights and obligations between each subject within the organization of the Communist Party which are formed in the process of managing inner-party general affairs. The construction condition of the Communist Party and its ecological environment are the two basic elements that affect inner-party relations. As the ecological environment is different, as the experience of the Party varies, it is normal that inner-party relations are different of different Communist Party.Inner-party relations make inner-party democracy as basic operating manner, make democratic centralism as basic principle, make inner-party legal system and inner-party as operating specification. The ideal status of inner-party relations is inner-party relations harmony.The fourth, the realization of Socialism is an organ entia of consistency and diversity, it is a longtime process too. It's definite that Socialism is sure to come true one day sooner or later. And the Communist Parties of the world should follow some basic principles in the process of making Socialism come true. But, since each country's individual character, the process of realizing Socialism also follows individual law, and there is no such thing as "one way, one mode".The realization of Socialism is a longtime process. As to the countries led by Communist Party now or before, their faults of being anxious for success have brought great loss to socialism career. Painful lessons teach the Communist Parties that the construction and development of Socialism is a longtime process, which is arduous and complicated. As to those Communist Parties that haven't seized power, though they have seek for socialism for quite a long time and have made some progress, but it's evident that their efforts or condition are not enough yet. What's more, under the situation that the environment is harsh to the Communist Parties, there is no plentiful condition for the revival of Socialism. Both the internal and external elements require the Communist Parties to make longtime efforts to work for socialism.The fifth, the diversity of Communist Parties. If we consider the diversity of their efforts to make Socialism to come true as the diversity of their practice, it is also true that the Communist Parties themselves are diverse too.The main original ideas of the thesis are:The first, there is no systematic study on Latin American Communist Parties in the research field yet. So the systematic work of carding and summarizing the process of Latin American Communist Parties'survival, development and function is initiative, and it may be considered as a kind of basic work for the latter research.The second, the thesis has put some original ideas on the interacting relationship between political party and its ecological environment. And the use of ecological theory to study on Latin American Communist Parties can be considered as an attempt on methodology.