China's Peaceful Development Of Historicism

The theory of China's peaceful development comes from a refutation of the "China Threat". Future is derived from reality and the reality is derived from the past. Inevitably, the improper understanding of the past will result in the misinterpretation of the present and the past. The Nation, state and the war all emerge from the development of the human civilization. They have three stages of production, evolution and end, which are within the scope of history. Only with a historical perspective to examine the relationships between the state, peace and war, can the rigorous, comprehensive and scientific methods be produced. The question of China's peaceful development is such an historical research agenda.First of all, we should explore the characteristics of civilization and external relations of China and the West respectively before their mutual contacts and interactions. Because the natural environment and agricultural settlement ages between Chinese and the Western civilizations were different. Therefore, ancient West formed an economic and social structure which was characterized by private ownership. On the contrary, ancient China formed an economic and social structure which was characterized by public ownership. The way of a specific material practice creates a specific political culture. Due to the subject position of private ownership in the western economic society, individual interests were difficult to extend from the contractual society of equality. Instead they could only expand to the areas outside their community. Meanwhile, due to the subject position of public ownership in the ancient Chinese economic society, individual interests could be often realized in the collaborative production and life of the family and the clan, all of which shaped the ancient China into a country of harmonious culture without worshiping force. At the same time, between ancient China's subject ethnic and minority also formed a kind of relationship of Han people and Minorities' mutual transformation to the axis of culture, which made the Chinese nation own an open national character.Since the intersection and collision between China and the West happened in modern times, there were three hubs formed during the interactive process. The historical and time hub meant that the impacts on China from the west produced a sort of "multiplier response mechanism". International political hub meant that the interactions between China and the West made the meaning of international anarchy which was filled with hostility between states expanded and changed. The hub of the social structure meant that the different degrees of improvement of China and the west in internal social structure made both of their interest demands and foreign policy generate the time evolution and change of non-expansion.Ancient Chinese diplomacy was subject to dynastic politics. However, diplomacy has turned into a major factor of Chinese social development since the modern times. Late Qing Danasty was a period of staggered process of confrontations between China and the West coupled with the failure of China. And the staggered process reflected an ambivalence in modern Chinese and western ethnic conflicts. These conflicts contributed to the awakening of the Chinese nation, prevented China from partition by the Western powers and promoted the establishment of a sovereign state in china. Republic of China learned the lessons from Qing's diplomacy. Influenced by the western thoughts and cultures, the government of the public maintained a presence and development in the international community of the time by a peaceful way of western diplomatic ideas and treaty system. Meanwhile, the government also built an international Front to counter the Japanese imperialists by the realistic international strategy, such as alliance and the balance of power. These practices have saved the fate of the Chinese nation and raised the international status of China to the highest point since the modern times.In the first twenty years, the foreign strategy of the People's Republic experienced a process of fluctuations and rapid changes. With the help of the socialist camp, China's one-sided strategy in 1950s made it obtain a relative balance of powers to the western countries. As a result, China was able to avoid the large-scale armed conflicts with the west. In 1960s, the "two fists beating" strategy indeed shapes China into an image of a complete independent sovereign state, however, China paid a high price for it and the difficult situation of the day led to the following deep adjustment of China's foreign strategy in 1970s.The second twenty years is a period of adjust in foreign strategy.China stopped the strategy of attacks on all fronts and made friends with U.S.A. and other western countries.The western world opended the peaceful gate to China from then on.The international situation of USA offensive—USSR defensive and the growth of national strength in China have made the independent foreign policy becoming the best choice.Meanwhile, Chinese leaders summarize the historic experience and survey the present world. They came to the conclusion that the world war can be escaped and laid down the peaceful diplomacy. China have developed peacefully since then.