Democracy From The View Of Liberty

Based on the visual angle of relations between liberty and democracy, this article aims at answering two main questions-whether democracy can be looked on with liberty and how to look on democracy with liberty. This article is divided into three main parts:Part 1-Find the relativity between liberty and democracy on value logic. Part 2 Demonstrate dependency of democracy on liberty during the practice process. Through the two parts, question of "whether democracy can be looked on with liberty" is answered. Part 3-Investigate the estrangement of democracy and liberty in practice way, this part answers the question of "how to look on democracy with liberty", and provides reference for reaching "due" relations between liberty and democracy. In the end, this article discusses how to look on democracy with liberty.Relativity exists between liberty and democracy-these two main political values, which is the logic premise of looking on democracy with liberty. As the political value, liberty and democracy, such as rights, justice, equality, self-government, virtue, rule of law, have the same mission, and they both treat solving the relationship problems between individual and community as their own duties. Because ultimate political concern is a kind of value concern in form, and it is substantially to resolve the relationship problems between individual and community. Therefore, basic duty of political value is to resolve the relationship problems between individual and community. The reason why differences exist in various political values is because the different answers on the relationship problems between individual and community. The reason why liberty and democracy have a correlation is because there are three common points when they solve relationship problems between individual and community:first, liberty and democracy are different from rights, which are the political value solving the relationship between individual and community on category of "negative correlation"; they are also different from justice, which is the political value solving the relationship between individual and community on category of "positive correlation". Liberty and democracy solve the relationship between individual and community on the mixture categories of "negative correlation" and "positive correlation". Second, liberty and democracy are different from equality, which is the political value treating "collective individual" as the value orientation; they are also different from self-government, which is the political value treating "single individual" as the value orientation. Liberty and democracy treat "collective individual" and "single individual" as double value orientations. Third, liberty and democracy are different from virtue, which is the political value treating the individual as the path dependence; they are also different from rule of law, which is the political value treating the community as the path dependence. Liberty and democracy treat both individual and community as the path dependence. Through elimination of these three aspects, this article finds the possibility for liberty and democracy to establish relationship logically.Then, this article investigates the dependency of democracy on liberty during the practice process. The visual angles people looking on democracy from ancient times to the present developed from one-dimensional "internal experience" visual angle, to two-dimensional "internal experience" + "external effectiveness" visual angle, and then to three-dimensional "internal experience" + "external effectiveness" + "operation technology" visual angle. In this process, "internal experience" visual angle begins to decline from exclusive status step by step; first, the rise of "external effectiveness" visual angle challenges its position, second, the wide spread of "operation technology" visual angle pushes out its position. Since democracy has three visual angles, but which is the basic one? Next, based on the investigation on rise and decline of various ancient and modern democracies, I will demonstrate a basic opinion- "internal experience" visual angle is the basic one. First, in the establishment process of ancient and modern democracies, " internal experience" visual angle plays an important role. In the establishment process of Athenian democracy, it couldn't be established until "internal experience" visual angle was introduced in. In the recent three main revolutions, French Revolution is called as the beginning of modern democracy, because it is different from English and American Revolutions and it treats "internal experience" visual angle as the observation point of democracy. Second, in the failure process of democracy, "internal experience" visual angle is also the key factor. The first situation, in the one-dimensional exclusive democracy of "internal experience" visual angle, self-falling of internal experience is the root cause of broke, Athenian democracy and Jacobin democracy is such a case. The second situation, once "internal experience" visual angle is displaced by "external effectiveness" visual angle, the essence of democracy will change. German, Italia and Japan these three big axis powers, and Singapore, Korea and Chile and other neo-authoritarianism countries just do it in this way. The third situation, when "operation technology" visual angle spreads widely and comes apart from "internal experience" visual angle, democracy will go the wrong way. The five Central Asian countries after the disintegration of the Soviet Union are under this situation, so is America in the early founded stage. "Internal experience" visual angle is the core visual angle of democracy, and liberty is the key to open "internal experience" visual angle, because liberty can ensure the spontaneity, autotrophism and self-satisfaction of the internal experience. This article takes the establishment of British democracy as the instance. In the establishment process of British democracy, personal liberty ensures the premise of the internal experience of democracy-spontaneity; liberty of expression ensures the path of the internal experience of democracy-autotrophism; liberty of will ensures the purpose of the internal experience of democracy-self-satisfaction. Through the demonstration on these three aspects, this article explains that liberty is the key of "internal experience" visual angle of democracy, while "internal experience" visual angle is the core visual angle of democracy. Therefore, the conclusion of the second part is that the democracy has dependency on liberty during the practice process.However, the relationship between liberty and democracy in real life is not harmonious. In practical way, the relationship between liberty and democracy has insuperable contradictions, and is full of tension. First, this article analyzes the first mode of the relationship between liberty and democracy:relationship between republican and active "liberty of presence" and democracy. The relationship between "liberty of presence" and democracy has instrumental value and purpose value. In this relationship, liberty enhances democracy and is suppressed by democracy, their relationship is bigoted. In the history, ancient Greeks have no individual liberty. In the medieval city republic, combination of liberty and democracy is futureless. Revival of modern republicanism is just specious. Then, this article analyzed the second mode of the relationship between liberty and democracy:relationship between negetive "liberty of depature" and democracy. In this relationship mode, liberty is trying to construct the relationship between liberty and democratic purpose value and instrumental value, but democracy always resists. Struggle between them is always endless and circulating. Because in this relationship mode liberty suppresses democracy and democracy is not reconciled to this unequal relationship. Next, this article analyzed the second mode of the relationship between liberty and democracy:relationship between idealistic "liberty of absence" and democracy. In this relationship mode, people never understand liberty based on the external social relationship, but realize liberty from their own inward worlds. Idealistic "presence liberty" always ignores the basic distinction between democracy and autocracy, and becomes the autocratic and compressive "loyal opposition". Besides this, this liberty takes self-realization as final purpose, and self-realization can't be separated from "assistance" of the nations, and then the totalitarianism gets a "hitchhike" opportunity.From the alienation of liberty and democracy in the practical way, this article finally discusses how to look on democracy with liberty. Looking on democracy with liberty is to maintain such a relationship between liberty and democracy. In the relationship: democracy makes liberty more free, and liberty makes democracy more democratic, liberty development and democratic development can be unified together. Therefore, on the question of "how to look on democracy with liberty", there are three ways:first, add "absence" and "departure" factors in "liberty of presence", and ensure that democracy makes liberty more free. Second, add "presence" and "absence" factors in " liberty of departure ", and ensure that liberty makes democracy more democratic. Third, add "absence" and "presence" factors in " liberty of departure", and ensure that free development and democratic development can be unified together.