Research On The Phases Of Basic Training Of Female Long-distance About The Teenage Runners

Through investigation and case studying on the basic training about the female long-distance teenage runners. The conclusion will be summarized:1.The group of female long-distance teenage runners were not stable in china, the number of registration was much less than the male. The age distribution of reserved talents were not unreasonable, the limitation to age of registration was just older, and without having considering the gender differences. It was blind when the runners select their specifics, at the same time, lacking of macroscopically adjusting control bring about the number of distribution unbalanced about long-distance runners. In the recent years, the registration number of teenage female long-distance runners was decrease annually, which will have a threat to the reserving talents of potential superior. The age structure of elite long-distance juveniles (Female:11-14,Male:11-16) was reasonable, the proportional of female runners has become rational, and the reserved talents of superior provinces were not enough, such as Gansu, Hebei, Neimenggu and Qinghai.2. Most families of the teenage long-distance runners are poor, the age of entering youth sports school was average later for 1-3 years The achievement motivation of runners were high, and their training goal were practical, they can deal with the relationship between training and study, and can exchange freely with their coaches, but they worried about the employment in the future, so they can not active approach their study. The excessive training was existence, the level of sporting injuries can be accepted, most of the injuries which were caused by training. were of strain and shin splint.3. The age distribution of the coaches group was reasonable, the proportion of high academic degrees and ranking talents was lower, and the proportion of professional athlete background was high. The guideline of basic training was not clear, there are problems and short-sighted in the goal of basic training, the attitude about study were positive, but they have less emphasis on study in training, the situation of scientific research and training plans were dissatisfied, the funds, grounds and scientific research condition of most sports school can not meet training requirement. Some training methods were rarely used, for example, more fine control of training process, high technological level, needing high objective conditions, do not meet the feature of long-distance running, process controlling and so on. Some training contents were too simple and methods were too lag, such as general endurance, specific endurance, speed, strength, psychology training and so on, these contents and methods were much influenced by the objective conditions of software and hardware, espcially by funds and facilities.4. The increase percentage of the specific results about female long-distance runners was too fast in teenage basic training stage, the increase percentage was lower than the standard of training guideline in the specialized improving stage of youth, the reserved space of results increasing was not enough in high level stage, which limit their best achievement level eventually5. The arrangement of training and competition were similar to female long-distance runners between the basic training stage and the youth stage, the training times of year and week were much more than the standard of training guideline, the competition times of year was not enough, moreover the distribution was not balance and the level was lower, There is serious early specialized training. And the proportion of training in technical, speed and strength was less, the diversity of training contents were little, the multiple events training was poor. The arrange of load rhythm is reasonable. Because the load and specific of training were high, which caused the aerobic training being not insufficient, the proportion of aerobic and anaerobic being not balance, even invert, last caused the efficiency of training was not high. The management and supervision of warm-up and cool-down were not enough, the coordination training was poor, the coordination (astride repeatedly) of juvenile long-distance runners were much better than the youth long-distance runners.