Research On The Change Of Middle School Geography Textbook In Our Country In 30 Years Since Reform And Opening-up

The change of geography textbooks is always the most important part of the reform of geography curriculum, and play an important role in promoting the reform. In 30 years of the reform and opening-up, the reform of middle school geography curriculum of our country mainly experienced three phases, which were, the initial phase of the reform and opening up (1978-1985), the deepening phase of the reform (1986-2000), and the phase since the 21st century. To research and summarize the change of middle school geography textbooks of our country in the past 30 years, in theory, we can look through the development tendency of geography textbooks during the geography curriculum reform, expand our horizons on middle school geography education, and enrich the research achievements related with middle school geography textbooks. practically, the research can provide guidance for the geography textbooks change, provide reference for the geography curriculum reform in new period, and provide method direction for the comprehension of geography teachers on geography textbooks. Totally, this research has important significance and value for promoting the further development and improvement of basic education and geography curriculum reform in our country in the 21 st century.This research mainly centres on the following problems:What's the prerequisite and basis for the middle school geography textbooks change in our country during past 30 years since the reform and opening-up? Are there any changes on the geography textbooks in contents, organization and difficulty? What's the conclusions and revelations of geography textbooks reform? Based on time cues and problem angle, and following the guiding ideology of "conculsions from history" and "seeking truth from facts", this research centers on the change of geography textbooks strive to combine macro analysis with micro outline, and combine historical perspective with concrete research. On the research methods, this research emphasizes on the full collection and carefully sorting of literature material, and also pays attention to the carefully choose and flexible using of specific research methods, outstands the openness and diversity of research methods and various research methods combined.This research is mainly composed by seven chapters:The first chapter mainly expounds the reasons for choosing this topic, defines related concepts and research scope, states the research problem and the significance, the research thinking and methods, and the basic framework of the paper, and the innovation and insufficiency. The second chapter reviews the research status of the domestic and foreign textbooks and geography textbooks, by collecting and processing the relevant research materials, on the basis of predecessors' achievements, from problems, looking for ideas and breakthrough of this research. The third chapter mainly takes the vertical time development as clues, expounds the changes on institutions and instructions related with middle school geography textbooks change during different periods of reform and opening-up in the past 30 years, on this basis, summurizes the written of middle school geography textbooks, and clarifies the basic thread of middle school geography textbooks changes during 30 years of reform and opening-up. The fourth chapter gives specific analysis on the change of content and organization of middle school geography textbooks during 30 years of reform and opening up, and summarizes the specific change characteristics. The fifth chapter analyses the changes on curriculam difficulty of middle school geography textbooks, and makes quantitative comparison by choosing typical contents from geography textbooks in differents periods as case. Takes the geography textbooks under the new curriculum in the 21st century as an example, using questionnaire analysis. The sixth chapter basically summarized and discussed the factors which affect the middle school geography textbook changes from external factors and internal factors two dimensions, and states the influence and the role of different factors on middle school geography textbooks change. The seventh chapter summarizes and reviews the research results, and draws the conclusions and enlightenment.This research mainly gets the following conclusions:The change of institutions and instructions in different periods provides important prerequisite and basis for the changes of middle school geography textbooks. The content and organization of middle school geography textbooks in different periods changed obviously, the content has changed from "noticing double-base" to "outstanding man-land relationship", and then to "basic, times and selective", the organization has changed from "main on discipline system" to "desalts discipline system" in frame structure and from "relatively single" to "flexible" in presentation. The curricular difficulty of middle school geography textbooks has experienced the changes of "from difficult to easy" in 30 years of reform and opening-up; In geography curriculum reform of new century, the change of middle school geography textbooks has obviously affected the teachers' and students' teaching behaviors, teachers and students are perfectly satisfied with new textbooks. The external factors which affect the middle school geography textbooks reform maily are political factor, economic factor, cultural factor, The internal factors are discipline development, geography curriculum reform, different curriculum conception, etc.This research draws the following main inspirations:Inheritance and innovation is the basic characteristics of middle school geography textbook reform; Meeting the demand of the society development is the inner mechanism of middle school geography textbook reform; Students' development first is the value aim of middle school geography textbook reform; Based on domestic and facing the world is the development trend of middle school geography textbooks reform.The innovation points of this research mainly as follows:On the research perspective, expands the research views of our country on middle school geography textbooks. On the research methods, this research pays attention to literature, emphasizes analysis, combines system summary and specific analysis, highlights the comprehensive use of various research methods. On the research conclusions, refines the conclusion and enlightenment of the middle school geography textbooks change.The limitations of the research:On the one hand, this research ranges a relatively long time, many relevant materials may not get sufficient collecting and using, which may affect the integrity and effectiveness of related research. On the other hand, a number of conclusions and viewpoints formed in this paper, whose scientificity and objectivity need to be checked in practical, and the combination of theory and practice remains to be improved.