| In the contemporary society, education donation has become an important issue with multiple values and meanings, which must be given much more attention to. From the sociological perspective, social capital of education is the resources of education social relations and the network. Social capital theory and social responsibility theory provide education donation with a strong theoretical support. From the cultural perspective, education donation culture is the initial conditions and the logical starting point of education donation system. From the perspective of pedagogy, education donation raises funds for education,further promotes education, pays more attention to its own connotation development, improves education quality cultivates talents and serves the society, so as to facilitate the overall development of the education career even the social civilization and progress. As institutional quasi-public products, the feasibility of education donation has been proved from the angle of economics. As the third distribution form of social resources, education donation is of great benefit to optimize the allocation of resources, regulate rich-poor polarization, and promote the society benign operation and integral harmony. From the ethical perspective, the meanings of education donation has been beyond economics field, and gradually extended to values, ethics and other aspects. The donation behavior has become the unity of economic and moral behavior. Education donation advocates the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, for example, showing respect to teachers and value education, patriotism, which objectively plays an important role in the whole social morality construction and the citizen moral cultivation. Meanwhile, education donation is a kind of ethical behavior, so the donation parties should follow certain ethical principles in donation process. From the angle of psychology, education donation allows donors to obtain inner satisfaction and self-lofty feeling, to bring them the highest level of the psychological satisfaction. Driven by the life value realization, feedback and repayment, people will donate more to education career.In the development of Chinese and foreign education, education donation has a long history. The history of education donation development proves that education donation has a close relation with regional culture and social politics all over the world. As the differences between cultural tradition and school principal, the core and the form of education donation present different characterizations. In different countries, different historical stages have different forms and features. However, the source of funds for education gradually inclining to diversification is the historical and common trend of currently education funding sources in all countries.To examine from the dynamic mechanism of education donation, strong clan consciousness and local complex are the main reasons for education donation in China. The fine tradition of respecting teachers and valuing education lay social culture foundations for it. Confucian culture on the pursuit of improving perfect human nature and the ideal personality incentives guides people to put the national interests and the collective interests first, and carries out education donation actively. From the cross-culture perspective, American traditional religious civilization and profound charitable donation culture are the basic reasons for American education donation. The related preferential tax deduction system and supporting policies are the direct causes of American education donation. American higher education has developed a unique culture of the university alumni donation in the process of the development, Alumni complex is the internal reason for Alma mater donation. The idea which is emphasized that too much material wealth would not be left by social culture is also one of the motivations for American education donation. Altruism is the root motive behind education donation. The system and mechanism of foreign education donation have been relatively mature. Concernedfrom the national level, the government's policy orientation in many countries encourages and guides individual and enterprise to carry out education endowment. They have also made a series of laws, regulations and supplementary measures to provide a high powerful policy support. Viewing from the related raising behavior of school itself, we know that schools attach great importance to education donation, and there are many positive and effective approaches. Principals are involved in fund-raising which has improved the school's emphasis on education donation and established a specialized donor agency, a relatively perfecting financing and operating system and a mature endowment management system. It also formulates a strategic fund-raising goal and detailed plans and specialization and marketization of education donation fund operation. It takes various measures to encourage and inspire the enthusiasm of donors. We work closely with (potential) donors, and consolidate the friendly and loyal relationships with them, etc. We can use the useful experience of these for reference. In recent years, the new charity environment has come into being gradually formed. Donor undertakings have developed rapidly, and education donations have started. China has been actively encouraging social funds and financial donations to schools. Some relevant policies and regulations have been established to guide the development of education donation. The central finance sets up a ratio donated funds for central university, and more attention is being paid to education donation by the administrative department. Many domestic schools have gradually realized the importance of education donation, and the position and function of school's diversified funding sources. Fighting for the maximum social support has been viewed as an important part of schools work. The alumni and fund-raising have been enhanced to the strategic height of the school development. In a word, education raising fund job has gradually transferred from the strategic edge to the center work in many universities. This has become the basic work for college-depth reform with strengthening and actively promoting. This has achieved good results. Some universities have gradually established community organizations and financing institutions for education donation. This has been made many practice exploration on donation management, which forms a distinctive management model initially. Some education funds have started to operate endowment funds independently.However, there are still some undeniable problems because education donation starts relatively late in China. For example, the financing mechanism presents the simplification pattern behind the diversified virtual. Facing these difficulties and problems, we should transfer from national single appropriations to multi-channel fund-raising. This will better develop the scale and scope of education donation. From the macroscopic level, to transform government functions from government administrative intervention gradually to policy guidance and macro-control, state and local governments should establish and perfect the education donation system and the mechanism of supervision and administration further. Strengthening internal and external oversight, completing the enforcement supervision, administration, supervision by public opinion and self monitoring are also needed. Government should play the leverage role of government policy to prompt the government policy guidance, improve the capital efficiency and guide the flow of social resources into the education field reasonably. At the same time, we should formulate laws and regulations to encourage the community to make donations to education career, formulate and improve the related tax policies which help to promote education donation, and provide tax incentives. From the school level, schools should set up a special financing management department combining their own features and advantages, strengthen the team building, build up a professional, cultured, warm-hearted in public welfare and education career team, and then form a strong team including full-time, part-time job staff and volunteers which are good at education fund-raising, management and operation. We should establish a sound system, complete the liaison work and widen the school financing channels.To strengthen our education donation culture construction, building the suitable social environment and a good atmosphere for the development of China's education donation and establishing an effective incentive system of social donation have should be put on the agenda. We will construct an organic system with honest, transparent and efficient social donation raising for high education on the basis of drawing the Chinese excellent traditional culture and western beneficial donation culture.
|
PDF Full Text Request