To "Generate" Under "Guide"

Teaching and learning are the most basic educational practices in which teachers and students are engaging. The contradiction between them is an innate one of itself and the process. To get a profound knowledge and a right way to deal with the relationship between teaching and learning is an ever-lasting theme in teaching theory and practice. In order to further and deepen the teaching reformation, we need to renew our knowledge and construction of the relationship between teaching and learning on the point of our epoch.The complete teaching activity includes three dispensable basic elements, that is, the teacher, the student and the content of course. Actually, through the interactivity of the three elements, the cultural experiences have been internalized into the spiritual treasure of the individual student through the teaching process, so that the process of the construction of both the culture and human can be constantly realized. The teacher and student are the subjects of the teaching process. In teaching activity, the conscious guide of the teacher and the self-generation of the student are both sides of one coin which condition, relate, prescript each other. They contradict but also unite. The fundamental connotation of the teaching-learning contradiction is the opposition-union of the guide and generation. "Guide" expresses the teacher's intentional and scrupulous interference with the student's growth; "generation" refers to the student's self-development and self-construction in the interactivity with given cultural scientific knowledge. In a word, teaching is to "teach the student to learn" to facilitate the development and generation of the individual student.The history development of the teaching is the constant construction of the relationship between teaching and learning led by the activity of the contradiction of guide and generation. The ancient teaching focuses on learning. Teaching is because of the need of learning. It pays much attention to the student's study and diligence. However, the individual teaching is simply and loosely organized without a systematic teaching program, so with a low effect. The modern age teaching focuses on teaching, making a point of the position and function of teaching.Systemized teaching-class teaching is gradually formed, which starts to notice the law ofthe child disposition developing and the growth of the mind and body, expressing the respect to the child interest, character, personality; there is the reformation to every aspect of the ancient teaching, but because of over-emphasizing to what the teacher teaches and excessive pursue its procedure and norm, the activity and initiative of the student are suppressed. The contemporaryteaching is to oppose and innovate the modern age teaching of which the student is the subject, stressing more on the democratization and individuation, undergoing an evolving course of negating the negation. But it over stresses the initiative aspect of the student, and to some extent ignore the guide of the teacher, so it also leaves some space to improve. The history tells us that the key and focus of the school reform in education is to correctly deal with the relationship between the guide and generation according to the necessity that the social development is in accordance with the individual development and they are mutually promoted.Contemporary Chinese primary and junior high schools teaching show the advantages of clear step, easy to operate, convenient evaluation, etc in teaching indirect experience or book knowledge. But because of being limited by the social reality and the deviation of thought, between the opposite sides, that is between the social request and the individual development, teacher's authority and the student's independence, the control of discipline and the free choose, the subject knowledge and life experience, the form of generality and elevation of individuality, we always emphasize the former and neglecting the latter, presenting the characteristic of single direction, dogmatization, ro...