Studies On The "Social Capital" In The Contemporary Rural Society

The problems of social capital in the rural society, a hot issue that the academia pays close attention to, have accumulated a large amount of research results. But the shortcoming of these researches is obvious. On one hand, the native researchers are apt to regard " social capital ", a definition taken from abroad, as a kind of set thing briefly while analyzing it -the resources that can bring forward resources. They only pay close attention to its value as tool, but seldom discuss the reasons that cause it and rarely seek to find the inherent logic by which the social capital produce and operate in the specific "live world ". On the other hand, it is just because the value of "social capital" as a tool is remarkable that people is inclined to notice its positive efficiency that brings forth through "value appreciation ", but neglect the negative influence that it's operation produces.Focusing on these problems this article attempts to carry on the special discussion upon the social capital problem in the contemporary rural society. To be simple, the article pays close attention to the problem in three respects: First, why does the operation of "social capital"take place in the contemporary rural society? Second, how dose "social capital" work? Third, what kinds of influence will the operation of "social capital " cause tocapitalizing of the relation ". the course that certain relation change into the social capital via actors' investment or mobilization . It can be divided into several phases: The attraction of society -survey on the relation of exchanging -investment or mobilization --Production of the social capital.To be simple, "social capital " is production of the investment tactics. However, "making the investment or mobilizing " is not one-off operation, but a lasting course. The persons who take action insist on the principle of returning in this course. The lasting course, making the actors be in certain "structural consequence", has caused redistribution of resources and production of criterion. On one hand, resources have been redistributed in favors of agency, which makes agency who have certain member's qualification promote the value of taking action by oneself. On the other hand, the production of criterion restricts the action of agency in the "structural consequence ", which makes them adhere the principles of reciprocating all the time and constantly invest or mobilize in order to maintain this kind of member's qualification. We can say, the discussion upon this process have not merely described the instrumental efficiency of the structure produced in operation of " social capital ", the more important thing is that it points out the inherent logic by which "social capital "' forms, maintains and withers away in contemporary rural society.However, the course of "the capitalizing of the relation "which produce "the structural consequence" cannot be completed ed by everybody. It needs two primary conditions. (1) Existence of "relations of the emotion " or "relations of the obligation" for the investment or mobilizing (2) the ability of reciprocating. But, in the rural society, most people do not possess these conditions.rural society?To some extent, the careless omission in the study on social capital is due to the imperfectness of the theory of social capital. Because of this, the article has reconstructed the theory of the social capital at the beginning. It mainly uses Brown' visual angle of systematic theory, proceeds with the social systematic views of Parsons and Barclay, absorbs Giddens' methodology principle of "constructivist structuralism", and builds "the dynamic system and imbed models of the social capital". The Model has oriented the social capital in "action, structure and environment", and has stressed three characteristics of the problem of the social capital: "double imbedding", " two-dimensional dynamics " and " course ". The more important is that the Model has offered a research frame for the following analysis, making the argumentation of the article launch from three respects: motive force of "environment", the operation of "action" and the power of "structure".In the rural society of our country, the motive of "environment, which can be defined as result of the accumulation of culture and the changes of the system from space-time view, has provided the original power for the operation of "social capital ". Namely, when the rural society have gone through " reallocated " to reform and opening-up, the market -oriented interest motivation makes the " relation reason "of value-intended which has deposited through the Confucian's classics' penetration in the rural society has grown into a kind of " relation reason " of interest-intended circuitously.To agency in the contemporary rural society . the operation of " taking action ", that is to say, the operation of " social capital " , just begins under the domination of " relation reason "of interest-intended ,embodied in the arrival of course of " the...