On The Construction Of The National Scientific Research System And The Development Of The Research University

In recent years, the voice of establishing the research university has become louder and Louder. The government and the whole society have attached greater and greater importance to the significant role of the research university in elevating the nation's science and technology competitive power. Under the circumstances, how to construct the research university in China has become the common focus of our government and the higher education circle. As the basic feature of the research university is the emphasis on scientific research and graduate education, and the principal weighing indicators of the research university are scientific research ability and quality of graduate cultivation, the major difference between the research university and other types of university is that the research university is not only influenced by the national educational system, but also to a greater extent, restricted by the national scientific research system. As a conclusion, establishing the nationally suitable scientific research system is an essential condition of the development of the research university. Through the over 300-year process of scientific research institutionalization, the framework of scientific research system nowadays has consisted of three main forces—government scientific research institutions, university scientific research institutions and enterprise scientific research institutions. From the history of the world scientific research institutionalization and the transfer of science center, the contributions made by the research university to the scientific research institutionalization are strengthening research function of university and establishing graduate schools. The formation and development of the research university is the inevitable requirement of the higher stage of scientific research development. Only if the university has established perfect scientific research organizations and made research a social function that can supplement talents cultivation, can it guarantee the formation of a creative national scientific research system. After the initial stage of the 19th century, the world science center's shift to Germany and then to the United States successively is obviously attributed to their perfect scientific research systems. For the same reason, being a budding industrializing country, in order to realize the rapid enhancement of the science and technology and to become the center of world scientific activities, the construction of the perfect national scientific research system and the establishment and development of high-standard research university in China are in urgent need. In China, the beginning mark of the scientific research institutionalization is the establishment of the Central Research Institute and Beiping Research Institute attached to the National Government. Later, the process of scientific research institutionalization started in colleges and enterprises. At the first half of the 20th century, there were sadly few research institutions within universities and colleges, which could hardly perform any scientific research program of a scale. Since the establishment of new China, especially the implementation of Reform and Open policy, with the deepening of reforms of scientific and educational system, the national S&T career has stepped on the track of stable development, and the scientific research within universities and colleges has entered the period of continuous development. Thus research universities under construction have emerged in large numbers. On the whole, the disadvantage of the scientific research system in China is prominently the lower integrated efficiency of the scientific research system on the national level, which means the reforms of scientific research system in our country mainly focuses on solving the micro-level problems of enterprises, scientific institutions and universities, and the problem of system integrity on the national level has not been solved well. Therefore, during the construction of the national scientific research system, how to correctly handle the relations between the three main executives of research activities that are research universities, government scientific research institutions and R&D institutions within enterprises is of great significance to rational distribution of S&T resources and the concentration of the superior S&T force to promote the construction and development of the research university in China. The paper summarizes the relation models between research universities and government scientific research institutions in the world to three patterns: America-Britain model, France-Germany model and Russia-China model. Basing on the elaborate analysis of the America-Britain model and France-Germany model, the paper puts forward some instructive suggestions on how to deal with the relations between research universities and government scientific research institutions. With regard to the relations between research universities and industries, the paper points out that there exist some inherent disadvantages in research university's direct participation in economic activities. For the long run, it is not definitely the best way for universities to serve for the society. Research universities should obey their own inherent developing logic so as to play their roles in the industrial progress and economic development on the more basic level. From the view of the system theory, the national scientific research system is a complicated and non linear social systems engineering. The government,as a governor,supervises and coordinates the scientific research activities of respective executives in the scientific research system, and constantly perfects scientific research system through the institutional changes ,thus makes the scientific research system run effectively. With regard to the construction of the research university, the best way of the combination of the government-dominated mandatory institutional changes and the spontaneous inducing institutional changes of universities is to set up a fair, just and orderly competitive mechanism of scientific research on the premise that the government holds the direction of the scientific research system reform. In this way, the favorable scientific research system environment can be established for the construction of the world-class research university.