Viewing The Reform Of Scientific Research Organizations In Chinese Universities From The New R&D Institutions

Since the late 1970s,knowledge and economic society have penetrated deeply,and knowledge has undergone a profound transformation.The value orientation of knowledge production has changed from "seeking truth" to "seeking use",paying more and more attention to the purpose of facing application and serving economic and social development.In this context,as the main body of knowledge production,universities have undergone profound changes in their mission and relationship with the society.With the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy,the universities as the core subject of the national innovation system and the new force of scientific and technological innovation has become unprecedentedly prominent.As the main way to realize the new cooperative relationship among universities,governments,enterprises and scientific research institutes,the status and role of new R&D institutions are also increasing in the national innovation-driven development strategy.Meanwhile,its establishment models and characteristics also meet the new requirements of knowledge production under the background of knowledge transformation.Based on the above background,from the perspective of knowledge transformation,this research has carried out conceptual definition and literature review of knowledge transformation,university scientific research organization reform,and new R&D institutions respectively,and clarified the logical relationship between the three:knowledge transformation to the traditional scientific research organizations in universities brought impact and challenge,the generation of new R&D institutions is complied with under the background of knowledge transformation of knowledge production of the new requirements.On the one hand,the new R&D institutions have changed the previous situation of a single university "fighting alone" and a single discipline "self-built by enclosure".Diversified investment subjects,including universities,enterprises,governments,scientific research institutes,etc.,have established interdisciplinary Research and solve the complex problems faced by social development.On the other hand,the new R&D institutions effectively reflect the transformation of knowledge production from "truth seeking" to "application".According to the advantages of each subject’s own resources,the institutions are problem-oriented,focusing on the international frontier and the front end of the industry,and effectively serve the needs of national innovation and local industrial economic development.By means of case study,on the one hand,the status quo of new research and development institutions in the United States,Germany,Australia and China is comprehensively studied.On the other hand,the policy support,target orientation,research project,organization structure,operation mechanism and other aspects of the new R&D institutions in these four countries are deeply discussed.The research summarizes the common characteristics of new R&D institutions at home and abroad:first,complete policy support and guidance;Second,market-oriented orientation of research and innovation;Third,the diversification of investment subjects;Fourth,the flexibility of the operation mechanism.Finally,it discusses several enlightenments brought to the reform of scientific research organizations in universities by the establishment mode and operating mechanism of new R&D institutions:innovating academic concepts and conducting interdisciplinary research;building new platforms and innovating organizational operating mechanisms;focus on social influence and serve innovation to drive development;focusing on social contributions and formulating scientific evaluation systems,etc.