Population structure refers to the population composition of certain country or region within certain calendar year. It covers the elements of age structure, gender structure, economic structure, cultural and educational structure, ethnic structure, etc. Population structure serves as an indicator of certain social, economic, political and cultural development, and it constitutes an important condition in the making of long-term economic development plans. Population composition is comparatively stable and changes along with times and economic development situations. In turn, certain specific population composition exerts important impacts upon social and economic development. Studies of population structures and their variation trends are of benefit to economic development.Researches by many scholars show that the global population changes started from West Europe and North Europe, which immediately brought about the population changes in European countries, influenced all the developed countries, and gradually extended its influence to developing countries. The history of aging population in the world shows that aging population has important impacts on all the aspects of human life. In the economic sector, aging population will exert impacts on economic growth, savings, investment, consumption, labor market, pension, tax revenue, etc. In the social arena, aging population will affect social welfare, medical care system, family composition, life arrangement, housing and migration. In the political and cultural areas, aging population will have impacts of varied degrees.
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