Social Transformation And Organization Of Regulation And Control

With the totalitarian regime dissolving, the market as a socially homogeneous force hasn't changed the honeycomb-structure which characterizes traditional Chinese society, but rather exacerbated localization and sectorization within Chinese society. What factors lay behind the relatively steady institutional transition of China as China is moving towards a so-called fragmented authoritarian regime? This dissertation is expected to make an in-depth exploration of the supporting factors and the internal mechanisms of the smooth transition of Chinese society from the perspective of state governance and with the organization network as the subject for the comprehensive governmentality to maintain law and public order.The key to the relatively steady transition of Chinese society lies in rebuilding order in a transitional society. Social transition which in other words is the replacement of social order patterns will inevitably make profound impact on social order and in a way lead to social disorder. But entophytic requisites indicate that social order underlies social existence and also acts as a requisite for social development. Reengineering social order is a precondition for any modernization drive. Reengineering social order in a society in transition is a core objective for state governance. Crime rate is considered as an "indicator" of or a "weatherglass" for social progress and prosperity and as well the Number one social problem for a transitional society. Public order issues are a concentrated embodiment of the social order crisis of a transitional society. Therefore, addressing and controlling crimes and making them fluctuate in a range of order, is a guarantee for steady social transformation. The reason why this dissertation penetrates into the question from the perspective of the organization network for the comprehensive governmentality to maintain public order is that the comprehensive governmentality has become the essential mode of state governance for China in transition and a basic tactic for the CCP and the Chinese government to tackle public order problems as a unique mechanism for organization , resource concentration and mobilization. The organization network is the product of the CCP and the government-dominating public order building process. But due to resource-dependence and the need for expansion of governance resources, the relative autonomy of the state still bears some intrinsic limitations in engineering social order. Hence, organized regulation-and-control characterized by organizational building and network-likeinfiltration is the prop of the expansion of space of state governance. It's the basic historical mission for the network to achieve coordination among the party, the state and the society in terms of delivering public goods in regulation-and-control process.This dissertation places the building of the network in the context of the evolution of China's approaches to state governance, and examines its internal structure and operational mechanisms within the unique context of social transition and social order reengineering. It argues that China has experienced great changes in social structure and organizational practice in the process of its market-oriented reform, which thereby has also triggered lots of social problems making new demands of and posing a big threat to state governance. The state is experiencing political transition in response to social issues which namely makes changes to state governance , tactics and instruments.Hence, under the background that social transformation came before state transition, the ruling party dominance and organized regulation-and-control are still the basic guarantee for effective governance as a response of the existing state governance system to large numbers of social problems induced by fast-moving social change. On the one hand, the ruling party took full advantage of personnel control, established new coordination institutions within the party or utilized and reinforced the functions of the established institutions and highlighted their political importance. In doing so, the party realized the concentration and mobilization of in-regime resources. On the other hand, facing the reality of the proliferation of resources outside the regime and of the increasing fissures within the system of social regulation-and-control, the ruling party and the Chinese government, by means of mechanisms for the comprehensive governmentality to maintaining public order, attempts to incorporate into the network for the comprehensive governmentality to maintain public order all kinds of newly-emerged social and market organizations likely to function in maintaining public order. With ideological influence declining and institutional resources remaining impoverished, the organizational force has ensured effective state governance. Therefore, in transitional China, organizations are the backbone of the socialized regulation-and-control system and the organized regulation-and-control continues to be the dominant mechanism in state governance. However, facing the reality that the market force increasingly dominates China's social movements and modern society grows steadily, adjustments to the state governance system center on the fact that the elements and structure of theorganization nexus of power propping up the organized regulation-and-control begins to change, and the newly-emerged social and market organizations adaptable to market economy begin to enjoy a higher status in the state governance system.In conclusion, this dissertation argues that China's market-oriented transition bear no resemblance to those post-communist countries where state power and party power retreated in a big way, but rather in China the party intensified its organization nexus of power by which to sustain the stability of state and society. In transitional China, the relative autonomy of the ruling party and the state is the dominant force in engineering public order. It's basic experience for the steady transition of Chinese society that the ruling party tries to nurture the governance system for modern state on the basis of combining various kinds of state governance resources. The organization nexus of power dominated by the ruling party is the fundamental guarantee for the steady transition of Chinese society. Furthermore, the ruling party has managed to expand space of state governance by means of organized regulation-and-control characterized by organizational building and penetrative organizational network. Organized regulation-and-control is the core mechanism supporting the steady transition of Chinese society. Nevertheless, the essential pitfall of the organized regulation-and-control lies in high costs of governance and high political risk, and it's difficult for it to achieve the routinization and dispersion of state governance. The control-dominating organized regulation-and-control has to give its way to institutionalized regulation-and-control characterized by discipline. Although it's a historically inevitable choice to break through the organized regulation-and-control, the break-through is not to discard traditional organizational resources but rather to take full use of them and to exert its potential as a propping force in forging the institutional mode of regulation-and-control. To ensure the steady transition of Chinese society, organizations are the hinge on which China's social transition and state governance moves.