A Study Of The Factors Influencing The Job Burnout And The Model Among Primary And Middle School Teachers

objectiveBy getting information of the job burnout among primary and middle school teachers, this research analysed the status, demographic characteristics and the influencing factors of their job burnout. This study aimed to explore the model of job burnout on the base of sub-health evaluation. By assessing the effect of intervention on teacher job burnout, this research attempted to give some suggestions for preventing job burnout and improving the health of teachers.MethodsUsed cluster sampling, sampled 1447 teachers of primary and middle school from Wuhan. Educator Burnout Inventory (EBI), Self-efficacy scale, occupational stressors scale, coping style scale and sub-health questionnaires were administrated. Multi-linear regression was used to analyze the factors related to job burnout. Structural equation model (SEM) was used to establish job burnout-health model. The integrated interventions (health education and relax training) were provided to 528 teachers in intervention groups and the job burnout and health status of intervention subjects was compared to 162 teachers in control groups after intervention. Used Structr SPSS11.5 and SAS8.2 to statistics. Results1. Study on the status of job burnout of primary and middle school teachersIt is found that when compared with the North American and Hong Kong normative data, Chinese teachers scored in low range of burnout in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization while the scored in the low range of burnout in personal accomplishment. This may be resulted by the difference of western and Chinese culture.The results showed that scores of depersonalization of male significantly were higher than female (P<0.05); The scores of emotional exhaustion of teachers in the younger were significantly higher than older (P<0.05); Junior teacher got higher scores on depersonalization than senior teacher (P<0.01). Compared teacher with lower education status, teacher with higher education status got higher scores on emotional exhaustion ( P<0.01). The scores of depersonalization in unmarried teacher were higher than that of married (P<0.01). Emotional exhaustion scores in Guidance teachers were higher (P<0.01). The scores of depersonalization in unmarried teacher were higher than that of married (P<0.01). The depersonalization score of middle school teacher in suburb than that of primary school teacher in urban (P<0.01).2. Study of the relationship among job burnout, self-efficacy, coping style and occupational stress in primary and middle school teachers55.41% of the primary and middle school teachers reported stressful and 22.82% of the teachers reported very stressful. Workload and economic stress were primary.all stressors correlated positively to exhaustion (P<0.01)and workload was strongest correlate with exhaustion( P < 0.01). Exhaustion correlated negatively to solve-problem strategy (P<0.01) and positively to remorse-avoid strategy (P<0.01). For exhaustion, workload, solve-problem and school administer stress were significant predictors (P<0.01). All stressors correlated positively to depersonalization (P<0.01). Depersonalization correlated positively to remorse-avoid strategy and imagine strategy (P <0.01), negatively to solve-problem strategy. For depersonalization, relationships with others stress, solve-problem and remorse-avoid strategy were significant predictors (P<0.01). Personal accomplishment correlated negatively to relationships with others stress and self-development stress (P < 0.01), positively to solve-problem strategy and self-efficacy . For personal accomplishment, self-efficacy, seek help and remorse-avoid strategy were significant predictors.3. Explore the effect of job burnout on the sub-health in primary and middle school teachersThe sub-health scores of female were higher than male and teacher who were married, guidance teachers, aged 30～45 experienced got high scores in sub-health (P<0.01). Both mental and physical health correlated positively to occupational stress and job burnout (P<0.01) and the effect to mental were strong than to physical sub-health. Sub-health correlated positively to solve problem strategy and correlated negatively to imagine and avoid strategy (P<0.01). Workload, solve problem strategy were important predictors.4. Analysis on relationship between burnout and sub-health under the structural equation modelThe goodness of fit for the structural equation model of job burnout was satisfactory that all indices had met corresponding requirements. The final model could explain 43.5% of the variance of job burnout and 40.1% of the variance of sub-health. The direct effect of job stress on job burnout was strong. Active coping style could moderate the relationships between stress and job burnout. Self efficacy indirectly influenced job burnout by cope strategy.5. Intervention on job burnout among teachers in primary and middle schoolsAfter intervention, the exhaustion and depersonalization scores of intervention group were lower than that of control group (P<0.01) and the mental sub-health scores were also lower. Intervention subjects adopted more solve-problem strategies to cope stress. ConclusionThe level of stress of primary and middle school teachers was high and the low personal accomplishment was severity. Demographic characteristics make a difference to burnout among primary and middle school teachers. Teachers with a high level of stress , low self-efficacy and more passive cope suffered more burnout and sub-health (especially mental sub-health), and vice versa. Health education and relax training was efficient to reduce the teachers'burnout and improve their health status, but not adequate.Innovation1.Firstly used Educator Burnout Inventory (EBI), Self-efficacy scale, occupational stressors scale, coping style scale and sub-health questionnaires to evaluate the status of job burnout, occupational stress, self-efficacy, coping style and sub-health of teachers in primary and middle schools systematically and comprehensively;2. Structural equation model (SEM) was firstly used to establish occupational stress- job burnout-health model.3. The integrated interventions (health education and relax training) were firstly provided to teachers and the effect was efficient. This study provides guides for preventing job burnout and improving their health status. . .