Research On Private Higher Education Development Of India

India is a developing country with large population. The private higher education in India is explored in this dissertation. Based on the history and the status quo of private higher education in India, the thesis explores and presents the existing condition of private higher education in India with three dimensions of the state, the market and the system of higher education. It is hoped that some beneficial implications could be provided for the private higher education and the whole higher education in China.In chapter one, the history of the development of private higher education in India is described. According to the characteristics of the institution running subject, motivation, and the disciplines and programs structure, the periods of private higher education in India can be divided into three main phases, which are the period of pre-independence, the period from independence to the late 1980s, the period from the late 1980s up to now. During its development, the private higher education in India takes on the trend of free development—nationalization—privatisation.In Chapter two, the status quo of private higher education in India is described in three dimensions of the type, scale and quality of higher education. There are four main types of private institutions, including of grant-in-aid colleges or aided private colleges, self-financed colleges, self-financed deem-universities and private universities. These private institutions are different in the shape, discipline, scale and independence. The research mainly focuses on the latter three types of private institutions. The number of private institutions and their student enrolment are 1/3 of those in the whole system of Indian higher education, especially in some professional fields. Though the total quality of private higher education in India is not very high, some have achieved success through market competition.In chapter three, the importance of the element of state is demonstrated through the state's actual influence on private higher education in India and the quasi-public trait of private higher education. The influence of the element of state is analyzed in two dimensions of national policies and judicial intervention. Given the inseparable relation between the national policy and law and regulations, the laws and regulations are included in the national policies in the study. Through exploring the access policy, the state funding policy, the fee policy, the admission policy and the quality assurance policy, it is noted that the government has a strict control in respect of the access, the fee charge and the admission. However, there are some blind spots in the policies of state funding policy and quality assurance policy. It is inferred that the administration of private higher education of the government is strict in some aspects and neglect the others. Because of the imperfect policy, judicial intervention on private higher education is frequent, through witch the importance of private higher education issue is strengthened, and the role of private higher education is clarified to some extent.In chapter four, the importance of the element of market is demonstrated from the characteristic of private higher education and privitisation trend of higher education in India. It put forward that the influence of market are mainly conveyed through three market mechanisms of supply-demand balance, price and competition. In Indian context, the influence of the market mechanism of demand-supply balance highlighted, and its influence on private higher education is discussed in detail. It is noted that the gap between the quantity and structure of demand and supply has provided for the scope of development for private higher education in India. Finally, the imbalance of the influence between the mechanism of demand-supply balance, price and competition, and the positive and negative influence of the market is analyzed.In chapter five, the influence of the Indian higher education system are explored, with three dimensions of the organization system, the state administration system of higher education and the interaction of public and private higher education. The affiliation system is a particular organization system, which has restricted the independence of private higher education in India, and has also impelled the innovation of private higher education both in micro and macro level. The state administration system is decentralized, complex and fractural, which has brought about difficulties for the higher education institution runners, and has impeded the effective management of the government. The interaction between public and private higher education has promoted the development and transformation of each other.In chapter six, the summary of the study is presented in three dimensions. Firstly, the relationship among the influence of the state, the market and the higher education system on private higher education in India is discussed. The influence of the state appears dual traits of non-interference and strict control. The three aspects of market mechanism of play with different degree, the function of the demand - supply balance mechanism is relatively fully expressed, but the function of the two other mechanisms function rather weakly. The homogeneity of Indian higher education system has suppressed the innovation of private higher education, which has resulted in the role of private higher education as absorbing exceeding demand of higher education. In the relation between the state and the market, the former takes on the trend of exit and let free the market force. Under this condition, the development of private higher education will appear losing control of scale and quality assurance. Finally, the status and main problems of private higher education in India are discussed. Meanwhile, the implication of the private higher education in India is discussed in respect of the state policy, market perfection, and the harmonious coexisting of public and private higher education.