Characteristic Of Drug Use In Students From Senior High Schools And Technical Secondary School And Evaluation Of Immediate Impact Of CMER Intervention Model

Objective(1) To understand the epidemiological characteristics of illegal drug use among students from senior high schools and technical secondary school in Wuhan(2)To develop an evaluating scale for illegal drug use for students and confirm the item, field, grade of questionnaire.(3) To evaluate the intervention effects of CMER on drug use, tendency of drug use, attitude, and so on, by questionnaire.Methods(1)ParticipatesThe study is a quasi-experiment study. A total of 1122 students voluntarily participated in this study at baseline, rolled in the senior high schools and technical secondary school middle school.(2)MeasureSelf-reported drug use behavior was assessed along with attitudinal, the tendency of drug use, motivation,resistance skills and cognitive to six type of illegal drug (heroin, cocaine, MDMA, Methamphetamine, Ketamine, and marijuana), as well as establishing the structure equation model of tendency of drug use and it's influencing factors.(3)Composing the questionnaire about cognition, motivation, emotion intelligence and resistance skills to illegal drug use.Following foreign intervention materials and ours studies, we developed the item pool of questionnaire under theory framework of CMER, with the guiding of psychologist, experts of health education and behavioral medicine. Then, the first draft was set up after special topic discussion and appraisal of experts. At last, we evaluated the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.(4)Evaluation to the immediate impact of CMER intervention.In the experiment group, students received the CMER program for 6 class periods. The curriculum was designed to address the major cognitive, attitudinal, motivation and peer resistance skills as the keys to prevent illicit drug use, such as general drug information, the negative impact of drug use on the body and mind, peer resistance skills. The contents were taught using integrative techniques, such as explaining, discussion, role-playing.(5)The evaluation of immediate impact of CMERStudents were administered the pretest assessment, a posttest assessment after the intervention, Students from both groups were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires were administered during a roughly 15- minute period by a team of two to three trained collectors.Results(1) Epidemiological characteristics of illegal drug use among students The prevalence rate of drug use among students is 3.65%. The rate of drug use in boy (5.23%) was higher than that of girls (2.50%). The prevalent rate of heroin, cocaine, MDMA, Methamphetamine, Ketamine, and marijuana were 0.27%, 0.89%, 3.12%, 1.25%, 2.05%, and 0.27% respectively. The rates of MDMA, Methamphetamine, Ketamine use in boys were higher than these of girls (P<0.05). There were significant difference in different school (P<0.05) and the rate of drug use in technical secondary school was the highest. There were no significant difference in different age (P>0.05). There were 1.87% students using more than one drug. Boys were more likely to have tendency to drug use than girls (P<0.05). There were no significant difference of tendency to drug use in different age (P>0.05). There were respectively 11.19%,7.07%,4.30%,6.09% students who know no about cocaine, MDMA, Methamphetamine, Ketamine. 14.92% boys and 8.31% girls were curious to drug use (P<0.001). There were 13.59% students from key high school, 10.38%students from general high school, 18.52%students from occupation education school, and 7.98%students from secondary vocational education school who were curious to drug use (P<0.001). The tendency of drug use was affected by coping skills and peer resistance skills directly. The more students had grasped ability, the lower probability to drug use. Meanwhile, peer resistance skills were affected by coping skills.(2) The reliability and validity of questionnaireThe questionnaire was included cognitive demain, resistance ability demain and stress and coping skills/emotion adjusting demain. Cronbach's Alphas were respectively 0.853, 0.455, 0.880 for three domains. The Spearman correlation coefficients between test-retest were from 0.244 to 0.702 for item-to-item scores. The Kappa indexes were from 0.168 to 0.525 for cognitive demain. The Kappa indexes were from 0.369 to 0.566 for resistance ability demain. Intra-class correlation coefficients were from 0.473 to 0.714 for stress and coping skills/emotion adjusting demain. Respectively ten, one, two principle components were developed by factor analysis, with explanations of 53.44%, 46.47%, and 46.69% cumulative.(3)Evaluation to the immediate impact of CMER intervention.After intervention, the prevalence rate of drug use reduced from 3.65% to 2.82%, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The intervention group intervened by CMER program had significant effects on each variable at the posttest. The scores of some items on knowledge at posttest were significantly higher in the intervention group than those in the control group (P<0.01), as was the score of some items about motivation (P<0.05). The prevalence rate of curious to drug use in experiment group (6.16%) was lower than that of control group (8.80%), as well as experiment group of pretest (13.81%). The intervention group showed lower level of tendency of drug use in hypothetical situation of"club"and"birthday party"than the control group did (P<0.05).Furthermore, the results reported the peer resistance skills of the intervention group was significantly higher than those of the control group, for example, simple direct refusal, reason, suggestions for alternative activities accompanying a refusal. The mean scores on coping style and emotion adjustment at posttest were significantly higher in the intervention group than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion(1)Drug use was becoming a serious question to students, especially to students from technical secondary school and occupation education school. In contrast, students have relatively lower cognition and peer resistance skills to drug use. Moreover, some students were curious to drug use.(2) After intervention, the prevalence rate and the prevalence rate of curious to drug use were lower down. Students improved the cognition and ability to resistant drug use.(3)A questionnaire was set up to evaluate the intervention of drug use in students. In a word, the items were reasonable and easy to be understood. The items were concordance to the theoretical frame of questionnaire, which proved the questionnaire had a good reliability and validity.Innovative(1)The study, which combines sociology, psychology, behavior medicine and education, is extremely innovative.(2) Training to teachers is the principal part to implement the prevention model. Compositive prevention model aimed at the influences of first drug use to adolescents. And resistance drug model was established, as well as project and materials. (3)It is first time to establish the prevention model combines improving EQ, resisitance skills.