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Research Universities In The United States In Military Technology, Research Historical Survey (1945-1970)

Posted on:2010-02-06Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:H MaFull Text:PDF
GTID:1117360278954426Subject:World History
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
U.S. research universities engaged in research of the history of military technology can be traced back to World War I, followed by research universities in the Second World War to show their talents for the war-time made an important contribution to national defense,and laid a solid foundation for the University continues to engage in military technology research in the Cold War. The Cold War, research universities actively engaged in military technology research, which is the typical representative of Stanford University. The Cold War, research universities can successfully engage in military-technical research in three areas to benefit from protection, but protection is limited. Along with the end of the 20th century anti-war movement on campus, as well as the adoption of the amendment Mansfield, the close cooperation relationship between universities and the military is end. It consist of four chapters.The first chapter briefly discusses before the Cold War the research universities engage in the military technology research. Hopkins University in the United States under the influence of research universities group, promoted the rapid development of American higher education, and then the arrival of two world wars, the research ability demonstrated good strength. The formation of the modern research university shortly after the outbreak of the First World War, the research universities in under the leadership of the the National Defense Research Committee, begined to engage in the military-technical research. In World War II research universities are the stage of Games, research universities under the leadership of the organization scientific research and development, through a series of well-known to engage in military-technical research projects, not only for national defense in time of war the United States but also has made important contribute to doubling their value. Research universities are to show their talents in World War II, and laid a solid foundation for research universities continue to engage in research in military technology in Cold War.The second chapter focuses on the research universities engaged in military technology in Cold War. From 1945 to 1950, the University is not too much to participate in military technology research, but under the funded of Office of Naval Research, engage in basic research in any way not related to military, and in the process with the military establishment of harmony and harmonious co-operation between the agencies for the defense and the research universities. After the outbreak of the Korean War, the university has become the defense agency of the "full-time" partnership, and the satellite events that followed, so that really feel the United States and the Soviet Union between the "missile gap" , in order to catch up, defense agencies of another wave of financial support for the University. And the form of deep-funded university research affect the form and nature, that is, and is closely related to direct military purpose. In defense of the funding agencies under the guidance of research universities actively engaged in military technology research, among the most representative of Stanford University, Stanford University, is precisely because of this through the Cold War, from military technology research "marginal" to leap to the "Pentagon"of the west, and quickly among the top research universities in the world.The third chapter analysis factors that protect research universities engaged in research to military technology. In cold war the federal government to become the cause of the country's largest research funder, and as a result of the Cold War, the Bush report, as well as the impact of the US-Soviet arms race, the federal science policy has been branded the militarization of a strong color, and the most benefit is the defense agencies, which received the most federal research funding so that funding for defense agencies military technological research universities as sources of funds to provide security. At the same time, scientists at the University mission of "service" concept, but also by the impact of the Cold War, in the dual "power" role, the university of scientists can only be military technology to the study, so that the university to carry out research in military technology the most valuable human resources to security. Finally, a military research laboratory is a bridge between the research universities and military technology. However, the three factors can play the role of protection is limited.The fourth chapter analyzes the University engaged in research in military technology are facing crisis. As a modern university, it is necessary to take up social responsibilities, but also to defend the academic freedom of the spirit and philosophy. When the University too much involved in the research of military technology, military technology research secrecy harm characteristics of the core values with the university - academic freedom. Subsequently, the Vietnam War triggered by anti-war movement on campus has become the ultimate outbreak of this contradiction fuse. University teachers and students began to boycott and protest against the school are engaged in research in military technology, which used to resist and protest the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University and two schools in the most "warm." Subsequently passed by Congress, "Mansfield amendment," the official declaration the end relationship between the University in close cooperation with the military.
Keywords/Search Tags:American Research University, military technology, Cold War
PDF Full Text Request
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