Optimization Analysis On Development Of Rural Settlement In The Region Of Loess Hilly And Gully In Northern Area Of Shaanxi Province

Settlement which is the center of human activity is not only the place where people live, rest and do various social activities, but also a place where people work. In recent years, with the rapid development of industrialization, urbanization, the push of the western development and new rural construction strategies, the settlement start to be divided and reorganized under the action of various development mechanism and intense game. Among them, some is growing to a regional center of the village, some fading to a hollow village, some becoming an important functional areas with the joint of small towns surrounding, while others are combined for the scattered layout of the community. After re-transformation, many rural settlements through the independent innovation of resource layer, system layer and the management layer enhance their own capabilities initially to the new rural community which has the typical characteristics of Loess hilly region with the regional resource advantages, features leading industry and convenient transportation, or the market community as a link, much of the rural settlements gradually toward the orderly evolution of the spatial structure. Development of practice shows that the differentiation and reorganization of the rural settlement is the inexorable law of economic development, but also to measure the effectiveness of new rural construction and reflect the level of rural economic development and an important indicator of quality.On the basis of defined concepts, under the guide of Rural Geography and Development Fconomics, through the combination study methods of qualitative analysis and quantitative studies, the binding of method of literature and social survey, the conjunction of theory studies and empirical analysis in multiple perspective,The dissertation from the historical evolution of the rural villages to analyze their characteristics of the size structure, spatial structure and the evolution of the economic and social development. Pointed out the problem of the development of rural settlements in the Hilly Area, which is the scattered layout of rural settlements, small scale, lack of infrastructure and the empty of the settlement. The four major driving forces are analyzed which are the driving forces of the natural resources, economic development, the social and cultural and the policy system.Then proposed the basic ideas for optimizing the rural settlement and the transformation direction of the rural settlement in the field of the industry, lifestyle, size and structural.Full-dissertation composed by the eight chapters.The dissertation conclusion mainly below:(1)Because of the rich concentration one of resources, fragile ecology and the great disparity income in industries, these reasons play a promoting role in the trend of the rural labor force transferring outward in the loess hill and gully area of northern shaanxi, the rural settlement empty disusing and the integration accelerating would be as an irreversible. Base on the balancing urban and rural development, a fundamental solution for development in the loess hill and gully area of northern shaanxi is what make a 4 classes level structure as central city, county, key town, central village, and make a coordinated promotion for building of new type urbanization and socialist new countryside.(2)The system of rural settlement development is a huge system which is a multi-level and integrated multi-factor effects system, and with complex, opening, nonlinearity etc. This paper base on the evolution rule of rural settlement and the regional character of northern shaanxi, the driving force of development in the loess hill and gully area of northern shaanxi are considered as the natural resources driving force, the economical growth driving force, social culture driving force, and policy-system driving force etc. The economical growth driving force and policy-system driving force are major driving force, the natural resources driving force and social culture driving force are assistant driving force which is the basic supporting system;(3)The rural settlement development should compare with industry development and allocation, base on the local conditions, not form the absolute developing model. Furthermore, the several optimization models are proposed by studying on the evolution rule and optimization direction of development in the loess hill and gully area of northern shaanxi, which are the town trailed model, the concentrated central village model, the integrating settlement model, the reformation settlement model.(4)According to the required function of settlement for socialist new countryside, basing on the economic principle "economic threshold", appropriate benefit standard of various settlements functions and the measurement index of rural income maximization, the scale of settlement should be determined in quantities, as result, the changed method which is different from traditional forecasted population basing on the area of cultivated land should be used. The calculation results that the appropriate minimum scale settlement should be around 2000 person in the loess hill and gully area of northern shaanxi.(5)The different arrangement from policy system play a key pole in promotion of optimization for rural settlement. Since the huge gap between the industrial comparative benefit and agricultural comparative benefit, the Government of Shaanxi Province should give the increasing strength in the population migration and the reforming of settlements. The Government of Counties should choose the policy which restrains the settlement building in confusion and promotes the settlement to be ordering in space. The concrete measure includes:Firstly, to make a overall planning of urban and rural in integration, optimize the urban, town and county's spatial distribution, and make a coordinated promotion for building of new type urbanization and socialist new countryside. Secondly, to guide the rural residents to migrate in different region, and give the promotion for integration of settlements, basing on the developing of industries and increasing the income of rural residents.Thirdly, to strengthen the innovation intensity in policy, then resolve the problems as the shares of collective assets, land issues, social security, household registration system problems, the traditional social relationship construction etc, during the evolution of settlements.