Spatial Evolution Of Settlement In Hilly Area

After the reforms, the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization has resulted in a large urban-rural gap. In the urbanization process, some urban culture concepts have been transferred to rural residents, the view of life and consumption concept of villagers have changed, and rural residents make a choice for their living space, resulting in rural settlements continue to gather or disperse. This paper uses GIS technology and landscape index quantitative analysis method to analyze the settlement size structure, space distribution and evolution characteristics of morphology, and explore the effect of topography, location and socio-economic factors on the settlements' development and changes from 1975 to 2013 in Baofeng County, Henan province. The study found:1 The space distribution of settlements keeps aggregated distribution, density space distribution exhibits a local variation.Through the comprehensive qualitative and quantitative research of settlement in Baofeng County, to analyze settlements in Baofeng County, space distribution maintains centralization; the density value of settlements in mountain is much higher than the settlements' density value in plain area, the settlements' kernel density value is a high value area in the East and West wings in Baofeng. Along with the rapid development of urbanization and social economy, some places' traffic conditions improved, the settlement has been building along the road, settlement increased in number, these areas become high value area of new nuclear density.2 The size of settlements land increased significantly, the size of settlements increased significantly in the plain and hilly region.In CA, MPS and PLAND three indicators to characterize the size characteristics of rural settlements, the size of settlements increased significantly from 1975 to 2013 in Baofeng. To calculate settlements area growth rate in partition, the largest settlements area growth rate are located in the area which DEM is lower than 200 m, the second largest settlements area growth rate are located in the area which DEM is between 200 m and 500 m, and in the area which DEM is lower than 500 m, the settlements area growth rate is least from 1975 to 2013. Thus, the area growth of settlements occurs mainly in distribute in the area and the DEM there is less than 500 m.3 Settlements in mountainous and hilly areas present small-scale agglomeration distribution.Local scale differentiation of "hot spot" detection analysis: large-scale settlement patches are distributed basically in plain and gentle slope hilly area in Baofeng County. To compare "hot spot" map with nuclear density distribution map, in mountainous and hilly areas there was a small-scale settlements agglomeration distribution, settlements present large-scale gathering distribution in plain in Baofeng County.4 Settlement patch shape tends to be developed in the form of rule, and the settlement is extended in 3 forms which are band, cluster and dispersion.The change of the settlement patch shape reflects that with the rapid urbanization, the settlement is also undergoing evolution and development systematically and organizationally. The settlement is extended in 3 forms: the first category is strip expansion, settlements are distributed in one side or both sides of the strip objects. The second category is the cluster expansion, settlements spread along the original formula extended to the surrounding patches. The third category is the dispersion of expansion, the main characteristic is that there is no space adjacent between new patches and original patches.5 The settlements disappeared obviously in the mountainous area and hilly area.The settlement patches in some local regions disappeared from 1975 to 2013 in Baofeng. The settlements disappear quite obviously in the mountainous area and hilly area; the disappearance of the settlements in plain is not obvious and don't happen.6 Settlements' change is influenced by many factors.The terrain factor determines the size of the settlements, and the size of settlements in mountainous areais smaller than the settlements in plain. With the development of society and economy, the settlement gradually concentrated to the flat terrain area, and the change of settlements' size in mountainous area is small. Transportation and towns have a strong attraction to the settlement layout, and the impact of the settlement is reflected in the micro time and space scale. The change of population in the social and economic factors is endogenous motivation in settlements change; the economic level of rural residents to improve provides realistic foundation for settlement landscape change; and the effect of project on settlement presents mandatory.7 The future development of the settlement in Baofeng county needs the government support.To solve the problem of the waste of land resources in the construction of new rural communities.(1)The government should speed up to turn the area of the original village into other land use, to solve the problem of a village occupying two places.(2)The government should strengthen the work of town and village merger. To centralize population, to achieve unified planning, to solve the difficulty that government can't provide centralized public services and administrative public because of large area of mountainous areas and scattered villages.(3)To strengthen the construction of supporting facilities in rural areas. The study found that the level of infrastructure and public service facilities in some towns is relatively low in Baofeng County, and the construction of rural facilities in these areas should be strengthened.(4)The government should improve the enthusiasm of villagers' participation in the new rural construction. The villagers are the main body of rural life and production activities; the government should widely mobilize the enthusiasm of the villagers and reference the views of the villagers in the future of the village planning, to make a plan in line with the vital interests of the villagers.