The Development Evolution Of Marathon Training Methods And A Marathon Training Methods System Construction

With the development and evolution of distance running and marathon running as the mainline, based on related data and researches on marathon training in different period in international and domestic China and first-hand observation of the domestic well-known coaches, experts and academics in the marathon training, this paper puts forwards its analysis of the cause and effect relationship between marathon training methods and the marathon performance; the development and evolution of the dominating marathon training methods in different periods of history. Based on the relationship between the sport training theory and the marathon training theory, this paper gives its analysis and summarization of modern marathon training methods Based on all of the above, the following results are obtained:The development and evolution of marathon training methods is consistent with the development of middle and long distance running training methods.Before the 1920s, the continuous running approach which running distance similar to marathon distance, was the mostly adopted training method. The limitation is its training method singleness.In the 1920s and 1940s, the period of the fast developing marathon training methods, the continuous running approach became more reasonable and the interval training and fartleffk training methods were also applied to marathon training. People had better understanding of the relationship between training quantity and training intensity, while running technical training had not yet attracted sufficient attention in this period.In the 1950s and 1960s, the marathon training methods shows plural development. Ratio of different training methods in training programs was set. Twice a day training method was recommended and adopted. Marathon training volume was increased, and people integrated the athlete nutrition to the marathon training.After the 1970s, a variety of cross-disciplinary science which provides the scientific evidence in the selection and application of marathon training methods was applied to the athletes'training. Altitude training was introduced in marathon training, which promoted the development of marathon.Modern marathon training methods show diversity throughout the world. Coaches are different in their training system, mainly in training volume and training intensity, nevertheless, the training methods are basically the same. The economy and effectiveness of running technique is stressed, and the mental training is emphasized.The marathon training system is composed by the supporting software content, supporting hardware content, and Marathon training methods, in which Marathon training methods is the core in the system. The four-stage structure of the marathon training methods as its substance in the training system illustrates the modern cutting-edge theory and training philosophy, and gives concrete practical examples.The adoption of marathon training methods for different athletes should be optimized according to individual athlete characteristics. Meanwhile, the supporting software and hardware content consistency should be considered, such as the training plan, monitoring, nutrition, shoes and clothing and so on.