The Comparative Study Of Seed Science And Industry Development At Home And Abroad

As the main materials and most important agricultural production of the human,seeds have been obtaining people's attention since the ancient times. Seed science is an old and young science. In the beginning of ancient agricultural times, people began to do practical activity about seed,such as seed selection, testing, processing and storage, etc, but as a science, it was researched in a short period, just a hundred years of history. Especially after the mid of 19th century, seed science developed very fast, we need do objective analysis and summarize it from the angle of history. This dissertation takes the scientific research of the seed as the main clue, through collecting and sorting documents, the history dividing of seed development is cleared. According to the historical sequence, The background of scientific development, important events and icon of seeds in the ancient and modern times are described and the occurrence and development of seed biology seed storage and processing , seed testing were systematic introduced at home and abroad About the scientific development of seeds at home and abroad, we do systematic comparative study in different stages. The systematic quantitative and qualitative analysis was acquired by retrieving the three databases of domestic and foreign literatures during the period 1950 and 2009 and the corresponding conclusions were obtained. The results of the paper have a certain meaning and guidance to the development of science and industry of the seeds. The main conclusions are as follows:1. The paper puts forward the history dividing of seed science development. sorting out the establishment and development background of seeds science and the important events and peole in the seed development history. In the study, the development history of seeds science was divided into three stages: the ancient, modern and contemporary times. Before A.D. 1869, We called ancient times, the seed scientific knowledge of this stage was acquired mainly through the accumulation of the experience consciously and unconsciously and macroscopic observation, no one had a special research in the seeds angle, This phase was called scientific experience seed development stage. In 1869, specialized seeds laboratory was established and we call seed modern times from 1869 to 1980, the seed scientific research of this phase has clear experimental purposes, the research was deep and systemical. Microscope, Physical and chemical technology, power machine were applied to seed technology, Seed biology research was developed toward to microcosmic level and physiological and biochemical direction. This phase is the development stage of laboratory (classical) seed science. From 1980 to nowadays is called modern times, The science and technology of seed developed rapidly in this stage, especially the biological technology, physics, chemistry and Other edge subjects was permeated in to the seed science, providing new methods and means for the scientific research of seeds. The scientific research of seeds has a tendency that toward multiple and discipline-crossing characteristics, this stage is called integrated application of modern science and technology in the seed science.2. Through retrieve three databases at home and abroad, we did the systemic quantitative and qualitative analysis about the development of seeds science from 1950 to 2009 and Clear the contribution of some countries to seeds science,and the hotspots and development trendency of this stages. Through the research, we know that America have the most contribution to seed science, The number of published literature of America is twice higher than those in UK which is in the second place about the amount of the literature .China is behind in Japan and China is the fourth, then followed by Germany, France and and Denmark. After 1950, America at the top of seed scientific research, it occupied dominated status after the 1980s. Before 1985, China always occupied the laggard status, in the 1999, China exceeded the Denmark first time and began to develop rapidly, in the beginning 21st century, the number of published literature increased straightly, and from 2005 to nowdays China exceeded Germany, Japan and UK at a very high speed, China began to occpuied the second place, China had achieved the level of America in 2004. 3. The suggestions about the discipline development is put forward aiming at the following problems, such as the instability of the research staff, the weak effects of the discipline, the lack of the genuine seed project discipline and so on. The main views are as below: Firstly, the continuous, deep study on the seed science and the perpetual seed scientist is urgently needed. Secondly, the influence of the seed science is weak when it is departed from the genetics and breeding discipline, therefore, it is suggested that the propaganda should be enhanced. The last, the genuine of the seed project discipline should be established, Simultaneously, the seed science should be integrated with the information and the mechanical engineering disciplines and the single basic research should be avoided.4. The materials about the seed market capacity, the exports of the seed and the development of the global scale enterprises are collected and compared at home and broad, and the development characters and the tendency of the seed industry are cleared. Afterward, the status and the system of the scientific research and the contribution of the approved varieties in the Chinese seed industry are evaluated by the analysis and comparison of the information about the approved varieties in the main crop production provinces from 1989 to 2004 and the extension areas of the main crop varieties from 2004 to 2007.