Research On The Process And Patterns Of Population Urbanization In Brazil

Urbanization is an inevitable result of the development of human society. When it came into the 21st century, the level of the world's population urbanization has further improved, and urbanization becomes the dynamic of economic development. But the rapid population urbanization and expansion of urban population in Latin America and other regions has become a prominent issue in the world population growth, so some scholars has exclaimed that population urbanization should keep vigilance over the Latin American trap. Brazil is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 191 million people. The Brazilian economy is the world's eighth largest economy by nominal GDP. Brazil's cities originated in the 16th century during the colonial period, and population urbanization began in the early 20th century. The urbanization rate increased slowly and reached to 25% up to 1920, but then it increased to 70% during just only 70 years. What's more, the urbanization rate of Brazil reached to 84%, which only spent less than 500 years since the first city San Vicente was established in 1532. It was far faster than that in the developed countries in European and American. The Purpose of the dissertation is to research on the process and patterns of population urbanization in Brazil and to parse the substance of Latin Americanization, based on the historical fact of rapid urbanization and by means of combing the literature and anglicizing comparatively.The main contents of the research may contain five aspects:First, there are the characteristics and patterns of process of population urbanization in Brazil, which may focus on the characteristics and the reasons for a high level and rapid development of urbanization, especially for developing country from the historical perspective of Brazil. Second, they are the features and reasons for migration in Brazil. The total fertility rate has been declining during the period of rapid urbanization in Brazil, especially since 1960. So the large-scale Migration moving from rural to urban resulted in the rapid growth of urban population in Brazil. In addition, Brazil is the important exporter on soybeans, coffee, sugar, et al. in the world. There are so many contradictions:there need a large number of rural labor force engaged in agricultural production, but there have been so many migration. So it should study the source of migration and further analysis of the dynamic mechanism of population urbanization. The third is Brazil's urban growth and urban system. Rapid urbanization brought not only urban population increase but also the growth of amount of cities and the expansion of the city size. It may research on characteristics of Brazilian urban system and the city's growth from the theory of urban system. The fourth is the relationships between population urbanization and economic development. Brazil and the United States are both America countries. They are also used to be a colony of Europeans, what's more, Brazil's exports was 3 times more than the sum of North America the 18th century. But the United States developed into the world's largest economy, Brazil has become the developing countries since independence in the process of modernization. It may sparse the reasons for the differences from the perspective of urbanization. The last is the myth. When it comes to population urbanization, the proposition of Latin Americanization will occur to you. It will set Brazil for an example to analysis the myth of Latin Americanization and identify the biased view of Latin American.Through the empirical study on the process and patterns of population urbanization in Brazil, the main conclusions are as follows:There are some characteristics of population urbanization process in Brazil. Population urbanization started in the early 20th century from the view of time and developed rapidly after World Warâ…¡. There are significant differences in the rate of population urbanization among regions from the view of space. The highest level is in Regiao Sudeste and then is followed by Regiao Centro-Oeste, Regiao Sul, Regiao Nordeste. The lowest is in Regiao Norte. The highest is nearly 25 percentage points higher than the lowest. The speed of urbanization was slow before the 1940's, fast development during 40-80's and tends to slow after 80's. Rural migrants and International migration have accelerated the process of urbanization. The rapid urbanization process has not only accelerated the modernization in Brazil, but also made polarization between the rich and the poor, housing shortage, environmental pollution and other more and more serious.Such are the features of patterns of Brazilian population urbanization. In view of the urbanization basis, the development urban originated in the colonial period, and population urbanization also has an obvious colonial imprint. From the point of view of urbanization mechanism, the evolution of industrial structure and rural modernization has jointly promoted the development of population urbanization and artificial urban has accelerated population urbanization. The subjects of urbanization are the population flowing from rural to urban and the international migration, and the model of urbanization belongs to the shock from outside. The spatial structure presented the tendency from the coastal areas to inland. There are network systems from metropoles nacionais, metropoles regionais, and centros regionais to centros locais. In additional, the development of polycentrism of national urban system and gated communities in a single city is more and more prominent. The essence of Latin Americanization is the serious social polarization between rich and poor, continuous economic downturn and other over-urbanization problems, but the phenomenon of Latin Americanization is not unique to Latin America area, other parts of the world have similar situation of development.China has entered the period of accelerating population urbanization. Urbanization will be the major dynamic of economic development for China in the future. In order to avoid potential problems occurring by a large number of population flowing to cities, and enable the progress of urbanization smooth and healthy development, it is necessary to learn from foreign experience in population urbanization. However, with economic development, the problem of population urbanization will raise various new situations; the study will be further deepened and elaborately researched. In this dissertation, studying the progress and model Brazilian population urbanization from the historical perspective, analyzing the factors of urban growth with labor supply and demand, parsing the Latin Americanization by the dialectical viewpoints, it will make progress in the theory of population urbanization and present the enlightenment for the development of population urbanization in China.