Study On Optimal Allocation Of Grain Production Resource Elements In China

As agriculture is the basis of national economic development, and food is the foundation of the foundation, food security is an eternal theme related to human survival and development. In "supplies" aspect, China's grain production has increased for successive 7 years from 2004 to 2010, but stable and increasing mechanism of grain production is not strong. Affected by industrialization and urbanization, and lower comparative advantage of grain and other factors, numerous of grain-producing resource elements have fled to non-agricultural industries. The development of biomass energy industry in full swing in the international market has seriously influenced China's adjustment of plant structure and the allocation of farland resource. With the rise of international grain prices, China's grain supply is facing a severe test together with the severe drought since October 2010. In "demand" aspect,the population growth and food structure promotion bring conventional demand for food increase, and the biology energy development of the developed countries brings nonconventional demand swiftly increase, simultaneously more and more people hope they can extend and upgrade the food chain to consume the livestock product which consumes large amounts of grain. Since the growth of domestic grain production and the growth rate is limited, while the per capita consumption has continued to grow rapidly, rigid demand for food is increasingly prominent. The situation that China's grain demand exceeds supply has been for 10 consecutive years since 2000. As panic buying, export bans and speculative behavior on the interference of the global food market are still very strong, the idea that we can resolve the conflicts between China's food supply and demand and solve the problem of global food crisis through the United Nations, the international food agencies and food surplus countriesis is too naive. China's food security strategy must adhere to the basic principles: to rely on domestic production, to develop domestic production capacity, to bridge the gap between grain production and demand through appropriate import.Grain production can not do without inputs and configuration of cultivated land resource, labor resource, water resource, capital element, technical element and other elements of grain production resources. Year after year, some local governments keen to attach importance to developing "fiscal bags" but ignore the "rice bag" construction, so that grain sown area can not be guaranteed, some places even appears the phenomenon of land abandonment. The 2011 "central first document" indicates that the lag of water conservancy construction is the maximum mishap affecting the steady development of agriculture and food security. Meanwhile, influenced by the disorderly flowing of agricultural labor to urban, the non-agriculture of agricultural capital, the imperfection of agricultural technology extension system and the impeding of its extension path, all of these have resulted in an unreasonable allocation and relatively low efficiency of China's grain production resources. In this context, the research on how to optimize grain production resource elements, protect the country's grain production capacity, has a very important practical significance.Taking the agricultural economics, the classical economics, the neoclassic economics, the institutional economics, the game theory, the operational research theory as the research foundation, the relationship of production resource elements and food security in perspective of regional differences, grain production resources deployment efficiency as empirical analysis frame, this paper has firstly made a qualitative analysis of the allocation of grain production resources in China, and then constructed the grain production resource elements coordination mechanism in the inter-regional and inter-industry, and finally taken the wheat production resource elements optimization in Henan Province as a microcosm of the full text, estimated the optimal value of the resource elements to hope that it can play a guiding and reference to the optimal allocation of grain production in Henan Province and the National. The main research content and the research conclusion of this paper are as follows:Firstly, it is to analyze the allocation status of grain production resource elements. The study has introduced the status of five kinds of grain production resource elements and the grain production, and grain production resource elements deployment characteristic and the differences in the special times separately. The study has found that, compared to the industrial crop and the oil-bearing crops, the opportunity cost of grain production is higher; the farmer and government's gambling result is both sides reduce the agricultural investment; farmers' risk aversion determines the reduction of grain production inputs; the price fluctuations caused by the market has seriously influenced farmer's planting crops enthusiasm.Secondly, it is to study the impact differences of grain production resource elements on grain security among major grain-production areas, food sales areas, balance areas of grain production and marketing. The study has found that the order of the average elasticity of agricultural water for grain production is sales areas> major grain-producing areas> balance areas of grain production and marketing; In the aspect of labor force, the labor force quantity and quality in the major grain-producing areas and balance areas of grain production and marketing have a positive effect on grain yield, but the effect is not obvious. While the increase of human capital stock per labor in food sales areas has negative effect on grain production, that is for every increase of 1%, the grain yield will reduce by 6.224%; the cropping index has litte effect on the grain production of the major grain-producing areas and the balance areas of production and marketing, but has significant effect on the food sales areas; in the aspect of the capital, it is at the marginal return increasing stage in major grain-producing areas and balance areas of production and marketing, but it is at the marginal return diminishing stage in food sales areas; the order of the agricultural technology impact on grain production is food sales areas>balance areas of production and marketing>major grain-producing areas. According to empirical results, the focus of resource allocation in major grain-producing areas is the capital elements; sales areas should emphasis the comprehensive efficiency of resource elements, guarantee the input of land, water, labor resource and technical element for grain production to enhance and maintain a certain degree of food self capacity; and balance areas of production and marketing should increase capital and technical input.Thirdly, it is to study the allocation efficiency of grain production resources on the macro-provincial level and micro-household level. Using DEA-Malmquist index approach and the stochastic frontier production function (SFA) method, this paper calculates grain production resource allocation efficiency on the macro provincial level and micro-household level separately. The study has found that:â‘ the provinces having the high resources allocation efficiency only account for 13.3% among the Nation (except Tibet) 30 provinces, moreover there is a big difference in efficiency of resource allocation between grain-producing areas;â‘¡resource allocation efficiency of grain production on the micro-household level is more volatile, and only 9.08% of resource allocation efficiency is between 80%-100%, and the remaining resource allocation efficiency is low. Thus, how to optimize resources to improve resource allocation efficiency of grain production is essential.Fourthly, it is to study the grain production resource elements coordination mechanism in the inter-regional and inter-industry. The study has found that:in the inter-regional coordination aspect, we should insist that various grain production areas plant grains that have a comparative advantage, establish the benefit coordination mechanism between major grain-producing areas and food sales areas by compensating for major grain-producing areas of resource consumption in the form of subsidy, establishing the large-scale modern grain physical distribution center and so on; in the inter-industry coordination aspect, we should construct the mechanism from two aspects, that is, policy incentives and constraints and the combination of market regulation(e.g. leving taxes on agricultural resources fleeing to non-agricultural industry) and government regulation. Fifth, taking the Henan Province's wheat production as the example, it has studied the grain production resource elements optimization allocation plan. First, using principal component regression method, this paper estimates the degree of wheat production resources influence on wheat yield, including land resources, labor resources, water resources, capital elements, technical elements; and then based on the above result, using data of 2007-2008,2010-2011 input cost of each item of Henan wheat production resources,we optimize the various input of wheat production resources of 2009 and 2012 in Henan Province separately and the optimized result meets the constraints basically. The study has found that Henan Province should reduce the chemical fertilizer, the irrigation and drainage, the agricultural finance investment expense in the wheat production process in order to raise their efficiency in 2009; should increase machinery, agricultural loans, seeds, labor costs, and the increase rate of machinery costs should be greater than labor costs; determine the best input level of material costs, match the material cost and labor cost reasonably, put more increase to the material cost that can reflect the level of technology and productivity.The possible innovative points of this dissertation are as follows:Firstly, taking five resource elements necessary for grain production, including landresources, water resources, labor resources, capital elements, technical elements as an organic whole, this paper describes the supply, conversion status of the five production resource elements and their relationship with grain production. Using the Panel-data model, this paper also studies the differences in contributions of the agricultural production resource elements to the grain production from regional perspective. It can be said that there is a certain degree of development and innovation in a manner of research perspective compared to the former research.Secondly, this paper constructs the grain production resource elements coordination mechanism in the inter-regional and inter-industry seperately, and taking the wheat production in Henan Province as an example, using multi-objective planning method, it also optimize the allocation of wheat production resource elements.Therefore, the research on the optimal allocation of resources has a certain innovation.