A Research On Development Problem Of Chinese Rural Poor Population

With the knowledge-based economy sweeping across the world, the human stride into the 21st century. In this strong wave of economy regionalization, pluralism, the group have highlighted the growing trend. However, poverty as one of the "3P", that is poverty, population and pollution, is still like "ghost" hanging over and loitering in the development of human society in the whole process.Poverty as a "silent crisis" has not only been around the world to hinder economic and social development, but also led to the current imbalance in regional development, regional conflicts, terrorism, the spread of environmental degradation and ecological issues. Therefore, in such a grim situation, "anti-poverty governance" has become the focus of common concern of international community, non-governmental organizations, and as well as the governments and people of all countries in the world.As a pioneer and important practitioner of anti-poverty practice, China, at the beginning of New China has been working on efforts to eliminate poverty. Especially since the reform and opening, China has in a true sense implemented large-scale, comprehensive anti-poverty governance. the Third Plenum of the Eleventh Chinese Communist Party held in December 1978 and the adoption of the "CPC Central Committee agricultural development on the strengthening of the decision of a number of issues " in 1979 being the start symbol, the anti-poverty practice management in rural China has experienced the four phases:the large-scale poverty alleviation phase driven by the institutional reform, the regional poverty alleviation and development in the fast economic development, the government-led type of the "Eight-Seven Poverty Alleviation stage" as well as the new stage of rural poverty in the period of building a moderately prosperous society, during which the rural anti-poverty governance in China has achieved spectacular results and found a very Chinese anti-poverty road through the strong lead under the central government, the throughout support of all the community and the hard work of people in poverty-stricken areas. The rate of the total number of rural poor in world's poverty population has dropped from the 1/4 in 1978 to the current 1/20, poverty incidence miraculously from 30.7 percent in 1978 to 1.6 percent today. China has become the only country which has achieved the UN Millennium Development Goals target of halving poverty ahead of schedule.However, great achievements should not blind us the problem of more than 40 million rural poor in China who are in greater trouble of sticking off the poverty. This phenomenon has many reasons, including the poor natural environment, weal;: infrastructure, low quality of the people, the traditional social capital, lack of capital investment and an unsound social security and other factors, resulting in the large population of the poor people, more centralized distribution and more profound levels of poverty. In the new period, the rural poverty in China has also shown some new characteristics, such as the higher incidence of relative poverty in the western region, the obvious trends of marginalization of the rural poor, the elderly and children suffering deeper levels of poverty and inverse proportion between poor people and cultural qualities. Therefore, the most important task at present is to seek for a viable and stable developing means for anti-poverty as soon as possible under the principles of in line with local conditions and seeking truth from facts.From the unique perspective on promoting the development of the poor population, this dissertation gives an interpretation to the orientation of the development and points out the characteristics of the distribution of the rural poor: the typical regional distribution and centralized distribution, and therefore the orientation of the development should be adapted to these special areas. This dissertation also points out the rural poor areas should be divided into the following parts:ecological protection areas, affluent resources areas, cultural diversity areas, revolution areas as well as in the key strategic areas. According to these strategic arrangements of the regional development, we should make the reasonable policies and ideas of developing the local poverty-stricken population.On the foundation of the clear orientation, this dissertation has made a summary on the strategic transformation direction of the development of the rural poor in China, and emphasized the current implementation of transformation of from the supporting the poor areas to supporting the poor people in a mass, from the exploration-oriented poverty relief to development-oriented poverty relief in mode, from police-oriented poverty relief to system-oriented one in system, from the portrait poverty relief to the transverse one in mechanism, and relief-orient to ability-orient poverty alleviation. Only with the realization of these transformations, can it be done to truly promote the poor's ability to meet their basic needs from the start, to gradually nurture their basic production capacity, and eventually to realize the promotion of the rural poor's capacity for self-development.After establishment of the macro guidelines, combing the basic needs theory, the social capital theory, and mechanism design theory, etc., this dissertation gives an analysis to the problem of how to promote the development of China's rural poor from the aspects of institutional arrangements, mechanisms for the design, the focus of implementation, and establishment and perfection of the social security system, and has put forward some insightful ideas.Firstly, as far as the institutional arrangements of view are concerned, this dissertation argues that anti-poverty institutions and governance is a key link for poverty relief. Aiming at a number of institutional barriers during the process of governance, we should adjust the institutions in the four aspects of establishing the legal system, improving policy system, standardizing the management system and implementing anti-poverty programs, so as to guide and regulate the anti-poverty actions relying on sound and effective system.Secondly, as far as the design of the mechanism is concerned, in view of the mechanism design problems in China's rural poverty-stricken areas, this dissertation stresses the necessity of establishing the transformation mechanisms, innovating the integration mechanisms, improving the participating mechanism and strengthening monitoring and evaluation mechanism for the anti-poverty mechanism construction.Finally,as far as the emphases of the implementation are concerned, this dissertation argues that it should be carried out in the six aspects:strengthening social services, keeping an appropriate population size, improving the people's quality, developing social capital, encouraging the relocation and perfecting social security, which are the top priorities at present in the concrete implementation of developing China's rural poor population. And this dissertation emphasizes that because of the problems in China's rural social security system of the small coverage, irrational structure, difficulties in security financing, this thesis concludes that government should further improve the rural minimum living standard security system as a start, and ensure the viability of the poor to meet their basic needs, and then on the basis of the above to gradually establish and improve the social security system in poverty-stricken areas in the aspects of the old-age insurance, medical insurance and the education security, so as to develop the rural areas with the help of a solid strength of the social security.In short, anti-poverty governance is a comprehensive, enormous, complex systems engineering. It is not only an important task of constructing a harmonious socialism society but also an inherent requirement of carrying out the scientific concept of development to take the comprehensive, thorough and efficient practical measures at this stage to promote a permanent farewell to the poverty and embark on the road to prosperity.