Anti-poverty Effect Analysis Of Human Capital Investment Poor People In Yunnan Border Areas

Poverty is one of the major problems that plagues the development of human society,the Chinese government attaches great importance to anti-poverty issues,especially since the reform and opening up,a series of meaningful explorations and practices in anti-poverty in rural China,under the leadership and strong promotion of the Chinese government,it has achieved world-renowned great achievements and historical experience.Human capital investment is one of the anti-poverty practice models recommended by the World Bank,China's strategy of precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty alleviation since 2013 has applied human capital investment theory to specific anti-poverty policies.At present,China's rural areas are in the final stage of attacking poverty alleviation.Using Schultz's “Human Capital Investment” theory to explore the effectiveness and problems of China's rural anti-poverty policies,and strengthen human capital investment anti-poverty policies,it will help the poor to get rid of poverty and remove caps from poor counties under the current standards in 2020,and achieve the great goals of a comprehensive well-off society.At present,the focus and difficulty of China's rural poverty alleviation work is “former revolutionary base,minority,frontier and barren area” and the special poor areas.Yunnan is located in the southwestern frontier of China,and its special geographical location and natural conditions make it one of the main battlefields for poverty alleviation in China.There are 25 counties and cities in the border area of Yunnan,including 17 key counties in poverty alleviation and development,the causes of poverty are complex and diverse,and the types of poverty are typically staggered,compared with external environmental factors,the internal factors of the poor themselves are more prominent,especially in terms of human capital investment,stocks and increments.This study first defines the concepts of poverty,human capital investment,and anti-poverty effects,combs the classic anti-poverty theory,and proposes a research framework on the anti-poverty effects of human capital investment in poor areas.Secondly,the questionnaire and field interview data were used to analyze the poverty situation in Yunnan border areas,the study found that the types of poverty in Yunnan border areas are divided into income poverty,expenditure poverty,comprehensive poverty,special poverty,and the problems of comprehensive poverty and special poverty are more prominent.Thirdly,using the combination of theory and empirical research,and combining the core content of the country's “precise poverty alleviation and accurate poverty alleviation” to analyze the human capital investment methods of the poor in Yunnan border areas,the research shows that the human capital investment methods of the poor in Yunnan border areas are mainly invested in the three aspects of education,health and migration and employment assistance.Fourth,this study further using regression analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods to analyze the anti-poverty effect of human capital of poor people in Yunnan border areas,selecting the data of the sample survey questionnaires in Yunnan border areas in 2017-2018 by the research team,a total of 2,500 valid questionnaires were obtained from 156 poor villages in 7 border poor counties,applying Logistic Regression Model to regression analysis and evaluation of anti-poverty effect of human capital investment of poor people,the result shows that the “head of household education” variable has a significant impact on the income of poor families,for every level of education of poor farmers,the income of households increases significantly;at the same time,this study further uses the analytic hierarchy process to build an evaluation index system around the three main indicators of “education investment,skills training,and medical health”,and then uses the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to comprehensively evaluate the index system.The comprehensive scoring results show that the education investment score is 2.8656,the skill training score is 0.5556,and the health investment score is 0.2868.Based on the score results,the anti-poverty effect of the human capital investment of the poor people at the border of Yunnan is further analyzed.Through research,this paper has obtained the following main conclusions:(1)Based on the classic human capital investment theory and the practical experience of “precise poverty alleviation” and “accurate poverty alleviation” in rural China since 2013,it proves that precise human capital investment for the poor is an important means to combat poverty.(2)The border areas of Yunnan have a wide range of poverty,deep poverty,complex types of poverty,and prominent types of poverty,it is the most typical poverty area in Yunnan and even the country,and it is also a difficult area for “precise poverty alleviation” and “accurate poverty alleviation”.(3)Since the implementation of the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation and targeted poverty alleviation,rural anti-poverty in poverty-stricken areas along the border in Yunnan has achieved remarkable results.Among them,human capital investment in the poor is the most important anti-poverty measure.(4)Both qualitative and quantitative analysis shows that the anti-poverty effect of human capital investment of the poor in the border areas of Yunnan is significant,but the different anti-poverty effects of human capital investment in the border areas of Yunnan show obvious differences,among them,the effect of investment in education is the most significant,the anti-poverty effect of skill training ranks second,and the anti-poverty effect of medical and health investment ranks third.(5)Although the anti-poverty effect of human capital investment is significant,in the specific process of human capital investment,relevant policies need to be further improved.Anti-poverty in rural China has reached a decisive period,researching on the anti-poverty effects of human capital investment can help us better recognize the shortcomings at this stage,it can lay a practical foundation for the next step to consolidate the results of poverty alleviation and the implementation for the “rural revitalization” strategy.