The Gainment Of The Knowledge Rent: Research On The Open Innovation And Knowledge Governance In Network Organization

Along with the economical global integration, the technical being more and more complex, and the fast change of demand, the enterprise has to face the high uncertainty. In order to deal with the highly uncertainty, the network organizations such as the virtual enterprise, the strategic alliance, the value galaxy, industrial cluster have obtained the huge success already in reality. Under the network organizations, the single enterprise can do nothing more and more, the enterprise spins a web through cooperation to create the value have become the mainstream at the present time.Pursuing the remarkable financial performance is the eternal subject and the goal for enterprise. Economic rent's concept has the broader strategic view, becomes the core tool to measure the financial performance. However, during the research process, there are numerous rent paradigms, like ricardian rents,Chamberlain rents,relational rents and schumpeterian rents and so on. The existence and development of these paradigms are historic context intensely, and becomes the mainstream paradigm in specific time. These rent paradigms have great difference and obey the incommensurability strictly. The enterprise is different in the business philosophy, the developmental strategy and organizational structure. Then, under the network organization situation, the enterprise gains the excess profit through the cooperation, is the rent belong to which one?In fact, thorough the analysis to the existing economic rent paradigm, we discovered that these paradigms were already unable to give the reasonable explanation under the new situation in reality. Therefore, based on the scientific philosophy and the social theory dimension to the economic rent, we propose a new concept:the knowledge rent. Then, we analysis further the hardcore and the protective belt of the knowledge rent, and elaborate the relations between the knowledge rent and the traditional rent. After mentioned the concept of the knowledge rent, the article will start the research on the mechanism to gain knowledge rent. In relation to the closed innovation which enterprise emphasized in the former, knowledge rent emphasis the open innovation. Current research on open innovation have a number of bad outs, such as the study of open innovation is much more in organization level than network level; few paper talk about how the enterprise who weave a net and cooperate with partners gains knowledge rent through open innovation; what dimension does "open innovation" has, those can't arouse our adequate appreciate. During the process to create knowledge for gaining the knowledge rent, the enterprise goes through two stages:the creation phase and the possession of the knowledge rent. Based on this, this article refines the dimension of open innovation, and analysis how to obtain the rent through open innovation.The economic rent is an economic concept, this article further prove the validity of the knowledge rent.We think the neoclassic economic plays an important role as reference system, its equilibrium price and zero rent was the best opportunity cost. Actually, we are inclined to use (PQ-CQ) as a measurement tool of economic rent because of more vivid and easily comparable. Through the contrastive analyses under the two kind of different situations under the closed innovation and open innovation style, we had proven the validity of the knowledge rent for the enterprise that cooperate to create value knowledge under the environment of network organization.The knowledge rent stressed that the enterprise utilizes the internal and external knowledge to produce the knowledge, this is also the effective flowing process of knowledge. The effective knowledge government can promote the knowledge reasonable flowing, that is advantageous for the enterprise to gain the knowledge rent. The rise of the knowledge governance is the development and the replacement of the transaction governance. Building on the understanding of numerous scholars about the knowledge governance concept, this article divides the knowledge governance into the governance structure and the governance mechanism under the governance structure, and has carried on the careful analysis of the internal and external knowledge governance. Within the organization, bureaucracy is main governance structure, its governance mechanism is mainly authoritative mechanism and stimulation mechanism. Within inter-organizational, the governance structure include inter-organizational market, inter-organizational bureaucratic and community, its governance mechanism is mainly include trustful mechanism,learning mechanism,property mechanism and restrictive mechanism.The former part has constructed the strict logical system theoretically with the economic proof, this article farther prove the theory system through analysis of case. The validity of the open innovation need to be proved further in the low-tech industry or in the high-maturity industry. Adhering to this view, we select the open innovation practice of Toyota and the S AIC as our cases because of the importance of automotive industry for society economy. We analyze the two companies respectively from the dimension of open innovation and knowledge governance, and tests main point of view of this paper. The SAIC is the miniature of our country's automobile industry, therefore after case's contrastive analysis, this article put forward the proposal to the SAIC for further development, we expected that can have a value.The paper's main conclusion and the innovation include:Firstly, the knowledge rent develops the reasonable content of the traditional economic rent and discard the unreasonable content of the traditional economic rent. The knowledge rent holds that the enterprise internal and external's heterogeneous knowledge is the source of the economic rent, it also is the hardcore of the knowledge rent. The "protective belt" of the knowledge rent includes a few-hypotheses:the possession of the knowledge non-exclusive; the dynamic open system supposition; organization boundary being fuzzy. The innovation of this part is mainly described as follows:through putting all economic rent into descartesian criteria, we offer a multi-paradigm approach of economic rent theory-knowledge rent. The view breaks through the Incommensurability which various economic rent follows, and also denial the monism during the research on the economic rent.Secondly, the open innovation is the mechanism for the knowledge rent. The open innovation stressed that the enterprise should make rational use of internal and external knowledge to create the knowledge. Through open innovation, the acquisition process of the knowledge rent can divide into two stages:The knowledge rent creation and the knowledge rent possession. The innovation of this part mainly is described as follows:we refine three dimensions of open innovation through the knowledge creation process:ability dimension, the relational dimension and the power dimension, and construct the system how obtain the knowledge rent through the open innovation.Thirdly, under the network organization, the enterprise who weave a net and cooperate with partners gains more knowledge rent than that gains under non-network organization, thus has proven the validity of knowledge rent. The innovations of this part mainly is described as follows:this article pointed out that the neoclassic economic exposition play an important role as reference system, its equilibrium price was the best opportunity cost in the real life, and track down the origin of the concept of rent to grasp the connotation and denotation. On the basis of the comprehension views, we make an exact measurement to the economic rent. Go a step further, we carry on the contrastive analysis from two aspects on the cost and the income under different surroundings, that has a certain degree of innovation.Fourthly, the effective knowledge governance can promote the production of knowledge rent. Under the network organization, the knowledge governance does not have the sole governance structure and the governance mechanism, we needs the different knowledge governance under the different situation. Therefore, organization's knowledge governance is the governance combination in most cases. The innovation of this part mainly is described as follows:on the basis of predecessors'work, a framework of knowledge governance is set up which include governance structure and governance mechanism, and has pointed out the intrinsic logical relation between the knowledge governance and the knowledge rent.