Research On Enterprise Resource Efficiencies From The Perspective Of Economy Of Resource Ecology

Enterprises take charge of producing products, creating wealth and providing services for humankind by utilizing resources. However, in face of the problem of the destruction of the ecological environment since the middle of the 20th century, people have to rethink the relationships among production, population, resources as well as environment. Some developed countries such as Germany have realized "decoupling" of natural resources from the total resources in the process of increasing resources in the 1980s, and proposed new ideas of development in the 1990s which could enhance four times of natural resource productivity, or "factor four". After undergoing years' fast development, Chinese enterprises are now facing the dual challenges of raising resources productivities and protecting ecological environment.Being directed to the problems of relationships between enterprise development and ecological environment, etc., this paper conducted the concept and model of enterprise resource ecosystem from the perspective of combination of enterprise resource theory and economics of resource ecology. First, the paper proposed that the nature and functions of resources should be determined according to the overall relations of subjects, environment and resources; and so, resources could be divided into three kinds in general, that is visible resources, invisible resources and human resources. Second, the basic way of thinking of the relations of subjects, environment and resources was raised and the resource structure of the system was set up. Third, being directed against the shortcomings of the functions of the existing enterprise resource theory, the paper conducted that the enterprise resource ecosystem's functions should include production function, allocation function as well as decomposition function. Forth, the concept model of the enterprise resource ecosystem was put forward, which included subjects'values, goals and process of resources utilization, etc.The paper proposed analytical method of measuring resource productivities and efficiencies of the enterprise resource ecosystem; set up the evaluating indicator system of resources efficiencies of the enterprise resource ecosystem based on the classification of dividing resources efficiencies into productive efficiency, allocative efficiency and decomposing efficiency; constructed the calculating models of resources efficiencies; and therefore realized the unification of systematic factors, structures, functions as well as their evaluating indicator system.Taking Yueyang Paper and the listed forestry-paper firms of China as examples, the paper conducted the empirical study from three aspects, and obtained the main results below:1. The short term analysis of resources of sole enterprise. According to the data of resources and incomes of Yueyang Paper in 2009, the visible resources, invisible resources and human resources of the company were 5.45×109,1.61×109 and 3.58×108CNY seperately, and they made up 73.43%,21.75% and 4.82% of the using resources. On one hand, the proportions indicated the importance of visible resources in the company; on the other hand, it also demonstrated the situation of low labour cost in China. The proportions of consumable resources and structural resources were 27.53% and 72.47%, and it manifested that the company needed the support of a great deal of structural resources. The biological assets made up 16.8% of the using resources, while the material consumption accounted for 11.93%, and it showed that the company had sufficient supply of the key materials related to the consumption of the materials. Environment protection facilities held 3.9% and 2.86% of the visible resources and using resources, while the profit margin of the company exceeded 3.17% of the everage profit margin of the forestry paper industry. It exhibited that the company had the ability to invest in the facilities of environment protection. The results of the calculation also showed that the total resources of the company in 2009 were 1.03×1010CNY, while the total assets of the company were 9.99×109CNY according to the existing business accounting criterion. The error coefficient between two methods was 3.30%.2. The long term analysis of the resources of Yueyang Paper. Results from 2004-2009 desplayed that all kinds of resources and outputs of the company presented the trend of escalation as a whole. Among them, visible resources increased from 1.55×109 to 5.42×109CNY, which had the biggest rate of increase. Invisible resources and human resources increased 1.61×109 and 3.58×108CNY from 5.74×108 and 3.05×108CNY, which had small rates of increase. Consumable resources, structural resources and projects under-construction increased 2.04×109,5.38×109 and 1.74×109CNY from 6.00×108,2.51×109 and 3.07×107CNY seperately, which had relatively big rates of increase. Output increased 3.16×109 from 9.21×108CNY, and its rate of increase exceeded the resources consumption during the period. The analysis showed that the company was in the stage of investment of visible resources, and so, the rates of invisible resources and human resources were still limited.3. The comparative analysis of related enterprises in the forestry paper industry. The paper selected 21 listed companies, whose major business is the "pulp & paper production", as DMUs. According to the evaluating indicator system of enterprise resource efficiencies and DEA model, the paper evaluated the resources efficiencies in 2009 from two aspects (that is classificatory resources and integrated resources). Results showed that the error coefficients of integrated technical efficiencies, pure technical efficiencies and scale efficiencies of two methods were 4.88%,3.78% and 2.44% seperately, which manifested the uniformities of the two methods. The average values of the industry were between 0.817-0.891. Taiyang Paper and Huatai Paper were DEA efficient in the resource efficiencies of both classificatory resources and integrated resources. It revealed that they had taken the lead of resource utilization in the industry.As a result, the paper proposed the view of promoting the coordinated development of organizations and environment that economic subjects such as Yueyang Paper should develop and utilize different kinds of resources according to the stage of resources competition.