The Study Of Grass-roots Agricultural Technology Extension Organization Management System's And Its Effect On Extension Behavior

The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in scientific and technological progress. Effective agricultural scientific and technological progress depends not only on the technological innovation, but more importantly, on effective agricultural extension. Agricultural extension plays an important role in transferring and diffusing agricultural technology to production field and in promoting the agricultural technology progress.The national agricultural extension system is the main body in Chinese.With the establishment of socialist market economic system and the development of agricultural and rural economic, the national agricultural extension system becomes increasingly unsuited to the needs of the new situation. "Management system is not smooth, the mechanism is not alive, the quality of staff is not high, and the protection is inadequate" and other issues become clearly. Since the 1980's, the national agricultural extension system implemented a series of reforms in order to adapt to the adjustment of agricultural structure and rural economic. However, the results of reform are unsatisfactory, because the reform did not solve problems about operation mechanism of agricultural extension system, and the inertia of the planned economy to strengthen and stimulate the original system, and there is a strong path dependence of planned economy. But in fact, Most of the pilot counties understand the mechanism of innovation simply as conventional agriculture project. They focus only on the effectiveness of the technology is easy to promote, and to establish the rules and regulations are ignored, and internal management and supervision of extension agencies are not enough, all which led to staff's enthusiasm for work is not significantly stimulated and the micro-management structure of agricultural extension agencies is still not improved.This thesis takes the demonstration project of rice science and technology to the peasant (referred to as "Demonstration Projects" hereinafter) as an example. This thesis reviews the grass-roots agricultural technology extension agencies and its management system status, and gives a comprehensive scientific evaluation of staff's extension behavior from peasant's view. It recognizes system's effect on extension behavior from the mechanism of funds guarantee, working mechanism, the mechanism of personnel management and cooperative development. Then, it makes mobilizing the enthusiasm of an agricultural extension staff as well as standardizing and improving as the starting point and end point, and offers the countermeasures and suggestions.The following are reasons for selecting this research perspective. Firstly, it grasps the main internal reason and the most active factor which determine the overall efficiency of agricultural extension system, which are management institution and extension staff. Though studying the grass-roots agricultural technology extension organization management system's effect on extension behavior, this paper provides a theoretical basis for optimizing and coordinating the the grass-roots agricultural technology extension organization management system from empirical point of view; Secondly, this paper is basic on peasant'view. It is help to get real data form peasant and avoid to moral hazard that direct investigate extension staff; Thirdly, this paper beyonds the limitations of existing literatures which measure the behavior of a extension staff only from the number of instruction days in the countryside. According to the section and process of rice's extension, it measures extension staff's behavior performance from multi-angle. Therefore, its measured results are closer to the actual promotion; finally, the subject is grass-roots extension organizations, which have great benefit both in theoretical and practical level.The full-text is divided into eight chapters, the main research contents and conclusions of the statement are as follows:Part 1:Status description of grass-roots extension organizations'management institution arrangement.Take demonstration county of The Demonstration Projects as an example, and make a descriptive statistical analysis from the mechanism of funds guarantee, working mechanism, the mechanism of personnel management and cooperative development. The results show that extension expenditure input is inadequate for most of extension organizations in the area of funds guarantee and its utilization Structure is unreasonable. In the aspect of working mechanism, the extension staff's responsibility does not have a clear asset, and internal coordination of extension organization is weak. In the aspect of personnel management, employment mechanism remains to perfect further. Most of extension organization conducts training to their staffs, but single type of training is more. In addition, grass-roots extension staffs generally do not have subsidies to rural areas. In the aspect of cooperative development, fund management should be improved for most of extension project. The way social services are more single and focus on agricultural material operations.Part 2:Comprehensive evaluation of grass-roots staff's extension behavior from peasant's view. Basic on peasant's view, it reflects grass-roots staff's extension behavior objectively and describes the agricultural extension staff's performance from the frequency, the period, the content, the methods, work attitude and promote the skills. It introduces the method of factor analysis which can be used to comprehensively evaluate staff's extension behavior, then gets comprehensive scores. The results are as follows:In the aspect of extension behavior, the frequency of field coaching is guaranteed. The extension staffs are able to grasp the critical period of rice growth guidance, but it is weak in leading demand and improving the scientific quality of the peasants. The Field demonstration which is efficient and welcomed by farmers is used less, but extension staff's attitude and technology is generally recognized by peasants. The average value of extension behavior's comprehensive scores is zero. The ones which are greater than zero are relatively good, while the ones less than zero are relatively poor.Part 3:Empirical analysis on grass-roots agricultural technology extension organization management system's effect on extension behavior.It sets the hierarchical linear modeling that contains characteristics of the individual behavior of agricultural extension staff and the operating mechanism of the grass-roots agricultural extension. Identify the mechanism of funds guarantee, working mechanism, the mechanism of personnel management and cooperative development how to influence the behavior of agricultural extension staff. At the same time, it analyzes the extension individual characteristic's effect on extension behavior and makes an independent discussion on management evaluation system which is the core of personnel management system. The results show that management system makes a significant impact on staff's extension behavior. In the funds guarantee system, the comprehensive scores that the proportion of operating funds in the total extension expenditure to staff's extension behavior is positive. Due to lack of appropriate supervision and inspection, Individual Household instruction scheme and work summary are formalism, their comprehensive scores to staff's extension behavior is not significant. In the personnel management system, there is significantly positive effect for average training times and rustication subsidy on staff's extension behavior. The performance evaluation systems which takes peasant's satisfaction degree as the priority evaluation content, uses the peasant survey methods, contains peasant's participation and construct the corresponding material and spiritual rewards has a significant effect on staff's extension behavior. In the cooperative development system, the average per capita extension expenditure in model does not pass the test. For one thing, that is connected with declaration and implementation methods. But for other things, it has direct relationship with the management of project funds. The grass-roots extension staff carries out socialized service has a significant effect on staff's extension behavior. In extension staff individual characteristics, length of business experience, technical title, training frequency, relative wage and income, and actual operation years in entire work period has positive impact. The academic career is negative because part of the highly educated members of the extension staff lack of skills of the field guidance.Part 4:The countermeasures and proposals of how to optimize the operational mechanism of grass-roots agricultural extension.The paper analyzes the component part of the extension management system. Based on the empirical analysis, it shows the policy implications of this study, that is how to mobilize the enthusiasm and regulate and improve the behavior of agricultural extension staff, and to achieve the optimized the operational mechanism of grass-roots agricultural extension.