An Empirical Study On The Sustainable Development Of Tobacco Production In Relatively Developed Economic Areas

In order to explore the sustainable development of tobacco production in relatively developed economical areas, this paper, taking Ningxiang County in Hunan Province as a case adopting the empirical research, starts with analyzing and evaluating the prerequisites such as planting soil and growing areas'climate of tobacco, based on analyzing and evaluating the core elements which include the features of tobacco leaf quality and market demands, and the socio-economic conditions which contain comparative advantages of tobacco industry and its status on tobacco production's sustainable development in Ningxiang County, emphasizes on seeking for conceptions and approaches on modern agriculture construction, for instance, the exploration and practice in entire Ningxiang County in 2010, then breaks through the practice made by Jinchun Tobacco Leaf Specialized Cooperatives to reform organization pattern of tobacco, eventually puts forward the guiding principles, objectives and strategies for the sustainable development of tobacco production in relatively developed economical areas. The main results are as follows:1 Main nutrient characteristics of tobacco planting soil in Ningxiang CountyBy geostatistics method, a systematic research has been made to analyze nutrients spatial distribution characteristics of tobacco planting soil in this paper. It formed a 5 grades classification system on the abundance and deficiency of nutrients about that and suitability indexes to comprehensively evaluate nutrients status of tobacco planting soil in Ningxiang County. The results show that, in Ningxiang County the tobacco planting soil basically ranges from weakly acidic to neutral. It is rich in organic, hydrolysable nitrogen and fast_acting phosphorus content. And what's more, most of the soil are abundant in available microelments such as exchangeable magnesium, effective boron and effective zinc, and carbon content is also a bit high. However, parts of the soil are low in available potassium, especially the water_solude chlorinity content. Owing to the average of tobacco soil suitability index is 59.75, belongs to the grade 3, Ningxiang county's soil is suitable for tobacco planting. There is a trend that soil suitability index increases from center to both west and east. According to the status of tobacco planting soil's nutrient content, the management of Ningxiang flue-cured tobacco nutrient should adopt the principle "reduce nitrogen, limit phosphorus and sulfur, increase potassium, properly add micro_fertilizer", combining with features of using paddy fields to plant tobacco in each village. Through a series measures of improving the quality of tobacco planting soil, improving water and fertilizer facilities, optimizing the tobacco growth environment, adjusting the formulation of special fertilizer, improving fertilization method, it will eventually create a pretty soil environment for high quality tobacco growth and sustainable development of tobacco production.2 Climatic characteristics of Ningxiang tobacco-growing areasIt analyzed the differences and similarities between Ningxiang county and high quality tobacco production areas at home and abroad for different months and different climatic factors during Flue-cured Tobacco Growth Period. In addition, it overall evaluated the tobacco areas climate through climatic suitability index constituted by membership function model and index method. The results show that, climate of flue-cured tobacco field in Ningxiang County is highly similar to Chenzhou. The average temperature is highly similar to Chenzhou City, and relatively high similar to Longyan and Brazil. The sunshine hours is highly similar to Chenzhou, and relatively high similar to Xuchang, Zunyi, Qujing and Longyan. The precipitation is highly similar to Chenzhou, and relatively high similar to Brazil, the United States and Zunyi. The climate during flue-cured tobacco earlier growth period is similar to Chenzhou and Longyan, when comes to the medium-term is similar to Chenzhou, Longyan, Brazil and Zimbabwe, and the later growth period is Chenzhou, Xuchang and the United States. Ningxiang County's climate suitability index reaches as high as 89.92%. The tobacco planting areas' sunshine, temperature, rainfall matches with the growing need of high quality tobacco, which provides excellent climate conditions for the production of high quality flue-cured tobacco. 3 Qualitical characteristics of Ningxiang flue-cured tobaccoUsing comparative analysis, it comprehensively analyzed some important factors of Ningxiang County's flue-cured tobacco, including appearance quality, physical property, normal chemical components, aroma precursors, neutral volatile aroma compounds, sensory quality characteristics and compared major differences between domestic and foreign flue-cured tobacco-growing areas. The results show that, maturity of Ningxiang County's flue-cured tobacco is nice, its structure ranges from loose to osteoporosis, quality is moderate to slight, the oil is in the condition of being Having to less, colorimchy is moderate, no green miscellaneous, Degree of tobacco, leaf weight, leaf quality, equilibrium moisture content are low while its density is relatively high and leaf stem ratio is moderate. Tobacco leaves'contents of total sugar and reducing sugar are in a proper scope, upper leaves'nicotine content is obviously high, the total nitrogen content is appropriate, potassium content is relatively high, the chlorine content is low. Tobacco polyphenol content is relatively high, the amino acid content, total amount of non-volatile organic acid, higher fatty acids, chlorophyll content and plastid pigment volume are low. Tobacco leaves' neophytadiene content is higher than that of Zimbabwe, Guiyang county and Longshan County, but lower than that of Brazil and Dali. Its total amount of chromoplast pigment degraded is lower than that of Brazil and Dali, but higher than that of Zimbabwe, Guiyang county and Longshan County. The total amount of cembrane substances, aromatic amino acid degradation and Ladd reaction is low. The total amount of neutral volatile aroma is lower than that of Zimbabwe, Brazil, Dali and Guiyang County, but higher than that of Guiyang and Longshan County. The fragrance of Ningxiang County's Flue-cured Tobacco inclines to strong, with exquisite smell; the emission of aroma is in the category of medium and prolonged fragrance. The fragrance is full and heavy, and the concentration of flue is moderate to slightly big, taste strength is appropriate, aftertaste is clean and comfortable, combustion is good, Integral compatibility is nice, which makes it to be the major materials of high-grade cigarettes. The unique quality characteristics of tobacco leaves, stable tobacco quality and good reputation provide a solid basis for sustainable development of tobacco production in Ningxiang County.4 Comparative advantages and industrial position of Ningxiang County's tobacco productionIn this paper, it first analyzed the advantages of Ningxiang County's tobacco production by using comparative advantage index, studied the industry status of Ningxiang County's tobacco production through comparison evaluation and assessed the tobacco-rice planting pattern by constructing a multiple evaluation model with the upper effect measure method in grey situation decision and index method. The results show that, Ningxiang county's tobacco cultivation area and production has been on the rise, tobacco production has both the comparative scale and the comprehensive comparative advantage. Tobacco cultivation is mainly dominated by tobacco-rice, which is the ideal choice of Ningxiang farmers' access to long-term benefits of economy. Tobacco industry plays an important role in promoting Ningxiang County's regional economy and social development. With the most stable development, the most ideal system and the most economical benefits, it has become a agricultural pillar industry of Ningxiang County and an important income source for tobacco planting areas'finance and farmers. Ningxiang County, as one of the top 100 counties of our country, provides a reliable guarantee for tobacco production's sustainable development.5 Practice on modern tobacco agriculture of the entire Ningxiang CountyBy the County's entire exploration and practice in 2010, it found out Ningxiang county's advantages and existing problems, pointed out its' guiding ideology, target and index system of the construction, carried out its' plans, raised its' major measures and analyzed its' effects on promoting modern tobacco agriculture construction. As the first one entirely to implement modern tobacco agriculture construction, it provided a clear direction for tobacco production's sustainable development in relatively developed economical areas.6 Innovation on modern tobacco agriculture's production and organization mode in NingxiangTaking Ningxiang County's Jinchun Tobacco Leaf Specialized Cooperatives as a case, this paper, via comparative analysis method, analyzed its operation effect, and then explained the operation mode and the main practice. The results preliminarily show that, because of the development of Ningxiang County's Tobacco Leaf Specialized Cooperatives, it enlarged the concentration of planting tobacco and average size in per household, decreased the time and labor cost of tobacco production, increased tobacco leaf production's efficiency and farmers' income. As an advanced one of" Hunan province's 100 cooperatives that perform real deeds for the farmers", the main practices of Ningxiang County's Jinchun Tobacco Leaf Specialized Cooperatives are as follows:strengthen organizational structure, perfect management system, adhere to the scientific development, standardize operation mechanism, implement straight technology management, enrich technology force, normalize professional services, improve service quality, develop diversified business, expand the channels of increasing income. The successful exploration of Ningxiang County's Jinchun Tobacco Leaf Specialized cooperatives offers a good paradigm for the organizational pattern innovation of tobacco production's sustainable development in relatively developed economical areas.7 The policy of tobacco production's sustainable development in relatively economical developed areaIn this paper, it analyzed the objective inevitability of tobacco production's sustainable development in economical relatively developed areas, then, elaborated its measurements and proposed such policies:establish a scientific development concept to enhance the responsibility of tobacco production's sustainable development, deepen the cooperation between agriculture, industry, commerce and policy to improve the win-win ability of industrial value chain, scientifically position unique features to establish a main direction for tobacco development, practice the farming system focused on tobacco production to improve the environment of tobacco planting areas, execute the system aiming to protect basic tobacco planting land to improve infrastructure construction in tobacco-growing areas, build technology promotion and service network to improve technical penetration and arrival rate, establish and perfect the policy guarantee mechanism to solve farmers' problems, accelerate the pace of technical innovation to enhance market competitiveness, optimize the employment mechanism to build a high quality team, high-level planning, high-standard practicing and high-quality promote the construction of modern tobacco agriculture, innovate organizational pattern innovation of tobacco production to promote the harmonious development of the regional economy.