| Qingyang City,located in the eastern part of Gansu Province,which is the heart of the Loess Plateau,and grassland agriculture is one of the traditional industries in Qingyang.To strengthen the construction of grassland agriculture is the necessary way for the modernization of agriculture in an efficient,safe,economical and environment-friendly manner in the Loess Plateau,and an effective way to realize peasants'efforts to lift poverty and increase incomes and build ecological environment.Therefore,this study analyzed the development of grassland agriculture in Qingyang from the aspects of current situation and management of grassland resources,current status and mode of herbivore livestock industry.The main results are as follows.1.Grassland in Qingyang City,rich in agricultural resources,the use of significant zoning characteristics.There are 1.28 million hectares of natural grassland,accounting for 47%of the total land area of the region.333300 hectares of alfalfa cultivated and cultivated grasslands are mainly distributed in the area with 98 families,384 genera and 749 species.As early as cattle,Qingyang donkey,Central County Tan sheep,Ziwu Ridge black goat and other herbivorous livestock local varieties.The ratio of the total area of natural grassland in the hilly region of eastern hilly region,central-southern loess plateau gully region and the northwestern loess hilly and gully regions is 36.7%,46.7%and 62.7%respectively.In the eastern region,0.26 hectares of natural grassland and 0.014 hectares of cultivated grassland can be used per capita.The total grassland resource is small and the per capita amount is small,livestock raising mainly reared cattle.In the central and southern regions,0.28 hectares of natural grassland per capita is available,and 0.092 hectares of cultivated grassland,which total amount of grassland resources is sufficient.However,due to the large population density,per capita volume is slightly less than adequate,Shepherd feeding cattle is as important as feeding sheep.In the northwestern part of China,1.67hectares of natural grassland per capita is available and 0.43 hectares of cultivated grassland per capita.The total resources of grassland are large,and the grassland per capita is rich in resources.The grazing of livestock and rearing are combined.2.Ecological subsidy policy has raised the productivity and ecological function of natural grassland.In 2015,the comprehensive vegetation coverage of natural grassland in Qingyang City was 71.3%with an average height of 29cm and an average fresh grass production of 3258.9kg/hm~2,an increase of 7.8%,10.1cm and 800kg/hm~2 respectively compared with that before the implementation.Comprehensive coverage grassland in eastern area of 76.95%31.9cm,average height,average yield 3487.5kg/hm~2,respectively than before the implementation and award11.55%,10.67cm,526.5kg/hm~2;comprehensive natural grassland vegetation in central and southern regions covering 74.6%degrees,the average height of 32.9cm,the average fresh yield3487.5kg/hm~2,respectively than before the implementation increased by 7.3%,12.7cm,218.5kg/hm~2;Northwest comprehensive natural grassland vegetation coverage of 71.03%,the average height of 26.2cm,the average yield of 1984kg/hm~2,respectively,before the implementation of the policy of ecological compensation awards increased by 14.37%,13.34cm,942.4kg/hm~2.Ecological subsidy policy effectively curbed the trend of natural grassland degradation.3.Grassland agriculture development model has regional characteristics.Qingyang City,the implementation of"alfalfa,cattle,sheep,pigs,donkeys"and other industries to promote the development of grass and livestock industry and the construction of cattle and sheep counties,grassland from grazing to seal,the formation of regional characteristics of the grassland agriculture development model.In the eastern region,the main pattern is beef cattle-cultivated grassland.In 2015,the number of beef cattle raised reached 1,028,000 sheep units and 0.19 sheep per capita,an increase of 9.3%over 2011;the total number of alfalfa crops grown from the year2011 to 2015 was 13,300 hectares,which occupied arable land area of 11.4%.In central and southern,beef cattle-cultivated grasslands and sheep-cultivated grassland are both modeled.In2015,the number of beef cattle raised reached 1.26 million sheep and that of sheep reached785,000 sheep.In 2015,per capita sheep and sheep were 0.13 sheep,2011 increased by 8.4%;2011-2015 alfalfa planted a total of 110,000 hectares,accounting for 52.3%of the total area of cultivated land;in the northwestern part of the country,the livestock and poultry industry structure is mainly dominated by sheep-cultivated grassland models.In 2015,the number of sheep raised reached 1.1428 million sheep units and 0.27 sheep per capita,up 11.9%from 2011.From 2011 to2015,the total number of alfalfa reached 210,000 hectares,which is 1.66 times of the cultivated land area.At the same time,a total of 573,300 hectares of grazing land for grazing was implemented.Currently,1,411 large-scale farms(districts)have been established in Qingyang City,with 96,000 farmed farmers and 271,900 farmers driven by radiation.The output value in 2015was 1.85 billion yuan,accounting for 21.6%of the total agricultural output value.554,575 and282 scale farms(districts)were set up in the eastern,central and southern parts of the country and the northwestern part of the country respectively.The number of large-scale farmers was 39,800,29,800 and 26,400 respectively.The total output value of animal husbandry reached respectively389.5 million yuan,457.11 million yuan and 407.34 million yuan,respectively,per capita 402.46yuan,384.47 yuan and 833.36 yuan.4.Grassland agriculture is facing new opportunities for development.Grassland agriculture has become a national development strategy.In recent years,the party and the state have put forward new theories,ideas and concepts,such as"the five in one","beautiful China","landscape forest and lake grass,"and"Green mountains and rivers of gold and silver",and they have successively implemented such development strategies as the ternary planting structure of grain,food reform feed,grass food industry and other development strategies.Grass industry has become a national strategic need.Qingyang City developed a practical path of development.In2015,it formulated the“Opinions on Vigorously Promoting Zhongsheng Mode and Accelerating the Development of Modern Sheep Sheep Industry”,and promoted the industrialized mode of breeding sheep meat in the city,supporting the implementation of forage systems,epidemic prevention and control system 9 security systems.As of 2015,the city has successfully declared 3large sheep industry counties and 2 large beef cattle industry counties.The grazing ban on natural grasslands is 1.28 million hectares.There are 66,700 hectares of annual alfalfa and 1.33 annual grasses annually Ten thousand hectares,annual breeding grass livestock 10 million sheep units.There are practical plans,plans by 2020,the city plans to build a modern sheep industry fodder base 146,700 hectares,of which alfalfa and other perennial grasses retained an area of 333,300hectares,annual forage quality(fodder corn,sweet sorghum,Oats)73,300 hectares,6 million tons of silage whole plant corn and corn stalks,4 million tons of harvested hay,which basically meets the needs of livestock fodder of 12 million sheep units.The results of this study can provide the basis for scientific decision-making for the transformation and upgrading of the regional agricultural structure,achieving the balance of social,economic and ecological benefits and full development. |
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