Study On Urban Strategic Planning

Under the circumstances of economic globalization, social urbanization and context variation, cities are facing more and more forceful competition and challenges. In one side, cities are taking a vital role of modern society both in national level and in regional level. State and region competition are represented by the competition of cities. In the other side, economic globalization enforced the city competition both in scope and extent. As the environment being changing radically, urban need a long term planning to ensure a sustainable development for a long run. The present urban planning system in China, which focuses more on the physical construction, cannot furnish cities with effective guidance to their growth. Urban strategic planning that deals with long-term development of cities, is introduced to amend the defects mentioned above. There are no satisfied theoretical and practical models when urban strategic planning is to be made. Even more, urban strategic planning is in the stage of beginning and experimenting in China, therefore, it is meaningful both in theory and in practice to exert a research on urban strategic planning. The main goal of this study is to establish a new and better theory system and practice model of urban strategic planning. Using for reference of company strategic management, this study proves that cities has the trend of being like an enterprise, creates theoretic model of urban strategic planning, analysis the different sectors'strategic planning from the angles of economic, management, geography and urban planning respectively. The main contents of this study are: Taking a detailed scanning of the concept of strategy and analyzing it's evolving. Define the strategy as long-term important plan for the purpose to meet the comprehensive objective. Urban development is a kind of comprehensive activity of human being, on which the overall social-economy development is influenced. Urban development is a long-term issue and has the feature that could be applied to the strategic planning. Urban strategic planning is the essential plan for the long-term, comprehensive development of a city. This study combine company strategic management theory and urban strategic planning, use company strategic management theory and method as reference to start urban strategic planning analyzing. Then, the model of urban strategic planning is proposed, in which three parts include overall strategy, competition strategy and sector strategy are suggested as the main tasks, and five steps that are data gathering, data analyzing and problems inquiring, strategy analyzing and crafting, strategy enforcing, strategy assessing and feeding back as the basic procedure. In the overall strategy, the fundamental contents comprise vision and objective setting. In competition strategy, the key issue is to enhance the competitiveness of cities and to choose a proper counter-measurement to involve in competition for cities. In sector strategy, the four basic parts are the strategy of city economic development, the strategy of city society development, the strategy of city construction and the strategy of city ecology development. It should be changed from stressing on the urban characteristic positioning to the strategic vision model. Through evaluating the interior and exterior conditions of urban development, SWOT method is used to create a strategy vision. Further more, the trend forecasting method and comparison method are used to determine the urban strategy objective. Cities do compete each other, and city competitiveness is the determining factor in city competition. Scanning the existing city competition model, a new taper model is proposed for concise and effective analyzing of city competitiveness. Aimed at to evaluating the 10 key cities competitiveness of Shaanxi Province, Principal Components Analysis(PCA) methods are used in this paper to analysis the 10 central cities competitiveness. Puts forward the basic and ranking strategy of cities competition that based on company strategy. The basic compete strategy comprise low-cost strategy, differentiation strategy, and focus on strategy; while ranking strategy will according to the different ranked city, follows the deferent strategy. Urban economy strategic planning comprising three main aspects: choosing the economy development model, arranging the industry and industry structure, and locating the economic spatial. There are three principles for choosing economy development model that are to the place, to the value, and to the stage. As to the urban industry development, leading sector theory is analyzed, and bring forward of using BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix analysis, industry life cycle analysis, region ratio analysis to determine the leading sector of a city. The spatial strategy is a principal part of urban construction strategic planning. The space of an urban can be divided in two parts: one is the inner space of a city; the other is the outer space of the city. This study defines the urban outer spatial structure as the relations between the central city and the other cities within its administrative area, in which the key issue is whether it should be concentrated or deconcentrated. Further, the spatial evolving theories are applied to make plan for the city's outer space development. Urban inner spatial structure is the relations between the different functional districts in the city's planning area. There are several theoretical models concerns the urban inner structure, with which the inner spatial structure is analyzed. The main issues of urban inner space development are asfollowing: build a multi-districts city or a sprawl out ones? Choose a single center or multi-center pattern? Construct special districts or composed districts? When does the city's spatial structure should be changed? All these questions can be answered via economic analysis. This dissertation claim that urban strategic planning council should be established so as to responsible for the executing of strategic planning. The tasks of urban strategic planning enforcing are vision spreading and objective controlling, urban industry policy making, urban spatial structure management, and the public investment applying. The innovation of this study are as following: (1) With the fully discussing of the trend that cities are more and more like an enterprise, this paper applying the company strategic management theories to urban strategic planning research, puts forward a new urban strategic planning model that three parts'strategy and five steps of procedure are proposed. The three parts of urban strategy are the overall strategy, with which the main task is the strategy vision making, the competition strategy, for which the city competitiveness is the key issue, the sectors'strategy, of cities, in which the urban economy development strategy, the society development strategy, the construction strategy and the ecology development strategy are the main contents. The five steps of making a urban strategy are data gathering, data analyzing and problems inquiring, strategy analyzing and crafting, strategy enforcing, strategy assessing and feeding back. (2) Figure out the taper city competitiveness model comprising economy activity factors, social activity factors and regional endowment factor. Based on the company competition strategy, two kind of urban competition strategy are proposed. One strategy is basic competition; another is ranking competition. (3) Give three principles for choosing urban economy development model, that are place principle, value principle and social stage principle. Using BCG matrix analysis and industry economics methods to choose urban leading sectors. (4) Interpreting urban space issues with economics'perspective, trying a method of economics to deal with urban spatial development strategy issues.