A Study On Adjustment Of Residents' Income Gap In The Period Of China Transition

Income distribution is an important issue in economic study theoretically and practically. During the transition period, various factors such as the change of economy system of organization ,unsoundness and unprefectness of system, render a great effect on China's income distribution. The gap of income between urban-rural residents ,among different regional residents, different industries and system-ownership workes, is widing, which has influenced national economy seriously and hindered the sound,stable,harmonious movement of national economy, which also influences the stability of our society. Therefore,the research on the gap of income distribution in the period of transitions has already become the focus of attention of all walks of life.The thesis tends to discuss the gap of income distribution,which makes the thesis more valuable and significant. The study of the gap of income distribution is a result of the development of income theory and satisfies the urgent need of reality. It relates to not only the realization of concrete measures of institutional reformation, but also to long-term reformation. It also affects the earlier realization of the total goal of social development and overall comparatively well-off society. The thesis shows that our knowledge of the distribution principle and relationship of China-like socialism. Therefore,the study of the gap of income distribution and its adjustment is very significant theoretically and practically.Besides the preface, the paper consists of 7 chapters. The preface mainly introduces the backgroud,significance, domestic study summaries of this issue, basic ways and structure, study thoughts, writing features and following problems of this paper. It puts emphasizes on the status and functions of residents'income in economy and social development. The paper studies the significance of adjustment of income distribution gap in the period of transitions. It draws forth the issue of this thesis. Chapter 1 and 2 mainly analyze current situations of China's income gap in theperiod of transitions. Chapter 1 analyzes current situations of residents'income gap,changing features, historical and international comparative studies. By analyzing the current situation, we can draw a conclusion that residents'income gap is widening generally. Structurally, it shows the widening income gap between the urban and rural areas, among regional residents, different industries and system -ownership workers.The change of residents'income gap shows such features as differentiations between the urban and rural areas,regions, industry , high and low income social stratums, wealth accumulation and unfairness of income distribution, etc. By comparing the gap of residents'income longitudinally and internationally, we can draw the conclusion that China's rensidents'income gap is greater than other countries.Chapter 2 analyzes the reasons, influence and nature of residents' income gap. Firstly, the thesis attempts to analyze China's rensidents'income gap caused by the system and institution. From the perspective of systemjt involves the reformation of income distribution system, of the structure of system-ownership, of the system of registered permanent residence and the system of obtain employment. From the perspective of institution,it involves such factors, as duality income distribution system, defects of system during the institutional transition, including double-track system,"internal control", unprefectness of income redistribution system and unsoundness of law system. These factors bring about various illegal and unnormal income. Secondly, the thesis analyzes the positive and negative effects on the economical and social development of the income distribution gap. It analyzes China's widening of income gap affects economy growth from these aspects, including consume demand, investment and labor supply. What's more,income gap affects social stability in the course of social development. Lastly, the thesis points out all kinds of standards to judge the nature of income gap in the period of transitions. According to these standards, we can judge comprehensively that the gap of residents'income does not belong to polarization, but to disparity greatly.Chapter 3 and 4 mainly inspect the theorical direction and enlightenment. Chapter 3 inspects the theorical direction of adjustment of income gap—adjustmenttheory of Marxism income distribution. The thesis holds that the theory of Marxism classical writers' income distribution contains abundant thoughts of income adjustment. Chapter 4 analyzes mainly the standpoints and policies of the main western economic schools about adjustment of income distribution. Take the United States and France for instances, the thesis inspects the practices in the main western market-economy countries and their significance to our country.Chapter 5 and 6 focus on the basical theories and policies to the adjustment of residents'income gap. The thesis holds that the adjusting subject of income gap can be extended from government to the whole society. The subject concludes not only government, but also the market mechanism and the third force( only its superiorities). The thesis analyzes the mechanism, function, limitations and principles of each adjusting subject. The thesis especially points out that market and the third force play an important role in the course of adjustment. But they also have a lot of limitations. Thus, they can not be regarded as main supporting force of adjustment. The main supporting force can only be the government. Besides,traditional opinions believe that the field of adjustment is only confined to government's redistribution. This thesis believes that the adjustment field includes not only government's redistribution but also market adjustment in the first distribution field,because the first adjustment is more foundamentalthan redistribution. If there exists unfair distribution and disorder in the first distribution field .Once income gap appears in the first distribution,the cost of the government adjustment is great, and its effect is limited. Chapter 6 puts forward policies on how to adjust residents' income gap in the fields of the first distribution and redistribution. In the field of the first distribution, we mainly take advantage of the market to creat various conditions to make the starting point and the process fair in the first distribution, including making education resources fair and perfect the markets of various production factors, and so on. In the redistribution field, the tax revenue system and the social insurance system play an important role in the course of adjusting China's residents' income gap. The thesis holds to utilize comprehensive measures to adjust income gap,because the adjustment of China's residents' income gap is an enormous systematic engineering. Only relying on oneforce to adjust the income gap is its function limited,a comprehensive system of income distribution should be established to adjust residents' income gap from various perspectives and directions, including playing the role of the third force, planning as a whole the development of urban-rural and regional,enlarging medium income proportion and utilizing laws,etc.Chapter 7 channels the residents' income gap into the overall comparatively well-off society. Firstly,the thesis channels the residents'income gap into the index system of the overall comparativly well-off society. Secondly, it forecasts the income gap in the overall comparativly well-off society. According to the forecast, the gap has a trendency of widening gradually. In 2020 year,Gini-coefficient among residents is reaching 0.474, but the index system of the overall comparativly well-off society is less than 0.35. It shows the task of adjustment the residents'income gap is very arduous.Lastly,the thesis attempts to put forth the point of view that economic growth is relevant to share,based on Marx's theory that distribution is decided by production . The fruit of economic growth should be shared by most of people. By comparing the curve of economic growth with the curve of urban-rural rensidents' income, the thesis draws a conclusion that the fruit of economic growth isn't be currently shared by most of people. Therefore,in the course of constructing the overall comprativly well-off society, we must transform the share-growth model and adjust residents' income gap in order to make the fruit of economic growth be shared by most of people.