The Application Of The Theories Of The Agricultural Generic Technology In The Agricultural Field

The agricultural technology innovation in China is faced with the serious challenge, i.e., how the government organizes agricultural technology support, what the public research institutes provide, how the enterprise technology innovation joins together with the national fundamental researches, how the Agricultural Generic Technology is developed and diffused. All of these are urgent to be answered.Based on the theories of the generic technology, and integrated with the principle of the technology innovation, the economics, and the literature metrology all together, through the qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and case studies, the paper analyzed systemically the concept of the Agricultural Generic Technology, and its characters, selection indices, position, function, structure, development, evolution, intellectual property, and even R&D management by the governments. The Agricultural Generic Technology in the paper is limited in the agricultural research.The below are obtained in this pioneer study:(1) The concept of the Agricultural Generic Technology, its diagnostic methods, selection indices and definition were proposed. The Agricultural Generic Technology consists of both the fundamental and the applied parts, with the characters of openness, multiuse, phaseness and non-monopoliness. The paper took the Agricultural Generic Technology as one kind of technology, and studied its concept, characters, function, structure, evolution and development. At present, public generic technologies in agriculture, environment protection, medicine and national defense have not been studied academically. Hence, the paper has given the prototype in the public generic technologies.(2) The evolution and the rearing process of Agricultural Generic Technology were studied. The time that occurred and peaked for every technology clusters of the germplasms, farming technique, tools, engineering facilities, fertilizers and plant protection/pesticides were measured; by the way of case study, the rearing process of the Agricultural Generic Technology was analyzed into four types, which were respectively the discovery type, the invention type, the modification type and the assembled type.(3) The intellectual property of Agricultural Generic Technology was studied. In the base of analyses of the "allowing the R&D owning property rights" proposed by some of the countries and the range of intellectual property of agricultural technology achievements, the transfer of the intellectual property of the Agricultural Generic Technology, and the key-bodies, mechanism and mode and obstacles of the transfer, were also studied.(4) The management of the R&D of the Agricultural Generic Technology in China was analyzed. The paper reviewed the development process of the management of agricultural institutes in China, the role changes of agricultural research and the cooperation between research...