| The process of modernization is a ordinal, positive, dynamic and nonlinear course which can't stop going along in each develop stages for each country. The modernization represented the value tendency and rational pursue on the comprehensive development in mankind. The process of modernization is both a"pursuing process"between the laggard countries to advanced countries and a"surpassing process"between the advanced countries to itself. 21 centuries is not only a century which has S&T changes with each passing day, the knowledge-based economy advance by leaps and bounds and international competition gradually vigorous, bout also a century to realize the modernization target.S&T is the first productivity. With the unremittingly development of S&T, the pressure of population, resources and environment to the district development can be alleviate. S&T development induce the rapid exaltation of the social productivity, which can bring huge material wealth to the society. S&T development has already become the important marking that the social productivity occurrence essential leap. Moreover, the S&T development level has already become the main factor that measures a national comprehensive national strength and important marking to measure whether a nation is flourishing or not . Being a potential productivity, the S&T will become a kind of strong material power to push the development of production and process of modernization as soon as it was used into practice. The development of S&T has more and more function in the economy development of domestic and abroad. The contribution of S&T to economy development is obviously has already exceed the function of capital and physical labor. The sustainable development of S&T the hand handle and power to push the process of modernization.The conversion from S&T to practical productivity needs the support of human resource. The efficiency level of human resource is restricted by quantity and quality of population. The population quantity influenced the elevated degree and speed of population character to some extent, and further influenced sustainable development of economy and society. The character improvement of population and the labor force depend on education level in, so the educational development is the root of policy to realize economic development. Currently,"S&T flourish country"has become a basic national policy in our country. According to the rule of educational equity, catholicity and available development education industry has important significant in optimization and development the social economic environment. Moreover, because of the difference of the different district geography and the economical difference induce the disequilibrium, we should combine together"cure poverty"and"cure incivilization"in the view of making overall plans and take all factors into consideration. By this way, we can raise the whole worker cultural character, obtain science technical ability gradually and realize the push power to modernization.The development of education needs the support of material capital, and the development scale and speed of education should be accommodate to their country's capital formation ability. Exceeding the national capital formation ability to develop education, not only will baffle the continuously, stabilize and moderate development in education, but also will result some disadvantageous influence. In the view of education development level, the education has an aggressive propulsion function to the capital formation. By using education, the worker's character can be enhanced and the personal income, business enterprise profits and national revenue from tax all can be increased, which can promote the save of personal, enterprise and nation, and can empower the national capital formation ability. With enhance of national capital formation capability, the investment can be increased and the economy was promoted with the increase of investment. While the education investment and education development will be pushed by the economy growth. By this kind of recycle, education and economy infect each other again and again, which can promote the process of modernization.Therefore, S&T and education have become the main motivation of push the modernization in the changeable ages and it can exert more and more important function to modernization. By using the system analysis method, modernized includes the economy development, life quality enhance, science and technology motivation and society development, and has the characters of exotic, subsequence and duality. The modernization system includes S&T subsystem and education subsystem, and the two subsystems have important support function in modernization. The study on the relation between S&T, education and modernization, has important theoretic value and reality significant to push modernization by using S&T and education.According to the second modernization theory, modernization is a relative dynamic conception and the modernization process is from the first modernization to the second modernization and promoted together in our country now. By using the method of international comparison, the tendency from 1960-2003 is continual enhancing and the first modernization realize degree had reached to 82%, which is very near to the middle income countries and mean level of world. The tendency of the second modernization index from 1970-2003 is continual enhancing too, but the extent of data is relative small and the second modernization index were less than the middle income countries, which present the second modernization development had huge distance to developed country. Moreover, the indexes mentioned above had regional disequilibrium in the domestic comparison in our country, and the performance of modernization index number is more obvious for the second time. Owing to the support function of S&T and education, the position and development state are be identified by compared the indexes, denoted as basic development state of S&T, knowledge innovation investment, knowledge innovation human resource input, knowledge innovation patent input, public education the expenses, average of public education the expenses, compulsory education diffusive rate, college diffusive rate, adult literacy rate. The indexes also had regional disequilibrium in the domestic comparison in our country. By comparison of the indexes, the result can prove the necessity research of this dissertation.For further study on the relation between S&T, education and modernization, the classification and structure factors identification in S&T system and education system were studied in the dissertation. S&T and education have their character, structure and function as the main subsystem in modernization system. S&T subsystem basic has two classes, which is denoted as"G S&T subsystem"and"E S&T subsystem", and education subsystem has three classes, which is denoted as"basement education subsystem","college education subsystem"and"occupation education subsystem". Based on the research on the structure and function of S&T subsystem and education subsystem, the subsystems structure factors were been identified by the method of step-by-step factor analysis. Comparing the result of step-by-step factor analysis, the main structure factors of S&T and education subsystem is corresponding to the subsystems classification.Using the inside function between the factors of S&T and education and modernization, the hypothetic relation between S&T, education and modernization were proposed in this paper. Then the hypotheses were proved one by one using the method of SEM. In the view of demonstration, S&T system and education system had positive relations to modernization and the"G S&T subsystem"had primary contribution to our country. Although basement education subsystem had less boundary influence than college subsystem and occupation subsystem, its total avail was larger than them. The occupation education subsystem had positive relation to E S&T subsystem, and the college education subsystem had positive relation to G S&T subsystem, which can all be supported by data. So we should appropriately allocate the source in education subsystem and S&T subsystem in the support of positive relations. By optimizing resource allocation, the positive support efficiency can be reached the optimal level. S&T system and education system are complex systems which were constructed by mutual dependency and functions input and output indexes. S&T system and education system have the exiguous character as other resource and because of the contravention between rareness to need, the efficiency of S&T system and education system is obviously. To study the efficiency status of S&T system and education system, the development process and resource allocate efficiency were calculated in the view of multiple input and output system based on the non-uniform evaluation method DEA. By using the efficiency analysis in S&T system and education system, we can obtain the development tendency and level of S&T and education development.The input and output efficiency in S&T system fluctuated in 1999-2005 in the view of time going, and it had decrease tendency in 2003-2005, which instructed the S&T efficiency need to be enhanced in China. The result of S&T system comprehensive evaluation in different region of China in 2005 using DEA method instructed there were regional differences in our country. So we should accept corresponding S&T policy and strategy to promote the efficiency allocation and comprehensive level based on the nature condition, human resource, S&T power, economy basement, geography condition, etc. Our country should continuously enlarge the inputs of S&T, develop high technical enterprise and develop the step of S&T industrialization. Each province should adjust its input and output strategy in supported on the"S&T flourish province"and"S&T flourish city"policies according to the regional character.The education development had increasing tendency in 1993-2005, and the technical and scale efficiency had the increasing tendency, too. However, the result of education system comprehensive evaluation in different region of China in 2005 using DEA method instructed there were regional differences in our country. The differences are induced by regional condition, nature condition, economy condition, national culture factor, policy factor, and population character. The resource allocate efficiency in education had much regional differences, and rural education is an very key problem.Therefore, optimization and promotion the education resource allocate efficiency in different region in China are very significant tasks.Through the relation analysis of S&T, education and modernization, the primary policies was proposed in this dissertation, which included S&T development policy for supporting modernization and education development policy for supporting modernization. (1) In S&T system, we should accept the policy of enlargement the R&D input quantity by using the way of enterprise input and government input to realize the modernization. We should enlarge S&T production's intellectual property rights protection and industrialization; optimize inupt-output struction of S&T system, promot strategy of S&T human resourse; development S&T independent innovation system. (2) In education system, we should accept the policy of enlargement the education formation to realize the modernization. We should consider both of Efficiency and Fairness, promote people's education level and enlarge ecudation input, bring up independence innovation capability. By using the development policy mentioned above, we can push the process the modernization. |
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