| With becoming uncertain with management environment and fiercer with pattern of market competition after the accession to WTO, the banking of our country has opportunities and challenges. Competition is the law of nature of selecting the superior and eliminating the inferior. Efficiency advantage means competition advantage in essence. No matter to supervisor or to manager, the research of bank efficiency has already become extremely important. Comparing with competiton of pace and extensive type, efficiency can benefit bank for a long time. State-owned commercial bank is the main body of financial system of our country, which is the lifeblood of our national economy. The development and vigor of state-owned commercial bank plays a very important role to whole national economic development and social stability. So it is important to research about the efficiency of state-owned commercial bank in theory and practice. It is the key of sustainable development for state-owned commercial bank to make great efforts to improve their efficiency and their competitiveness.A following key question is: How to weigh efficiency of state-owned banks of our country? What is the key factor of improving efficiency? At present, domestic study on these problems is still not deep, even relatively weaker.So far as the measurement of efficiency, what the existing literatures investigate mostly is the efficiency of state-owned banks in a certain respect, who regard the certain particular efficiency as the whole efficiency. That is One-sided. It is necessary to investigate efficiency of state-owned banks in various visual angles and analyze in a whole. This thesis regards efficiency as the distance between real standard and the best level, which include the comparison between one's own input and output and the comparison among the same trade of the bank. Because it is difficulty in technology to unite all concrete efficiency, this text turns efficiency of state-owned banks into three levels specifically–scale economy, technical efficiency and profit efficiency. Study respectively first, and then evaluate and analysis in a whole. As regards scale economy, what it investigated is whether the bank could reduce the relative situations of marginal cost and average unit cost through changing outcome. As regards technological efficiency, what it investigated is whether bank could improve its internal operational efficiency through adjusting input-output ratio. As regards profit efficiency, what it investigated is the disparity of profits among banks. This thesis does not prove cost efficiency alone, which is explained only when necessary. The reason lies in: On one hand the importance of profit is more important than cost; on the other hand, scale economy is based on cost analysis in fact.Factors influencing efficiency are numerous, generally speaking, which should include variables of reflecting the banking and the difference of single bank. This text mostly analysis property right, market structure, cooperation and compete. The reasons are they reflect characteristics of state-owned commercial bank and of the banking, which is a response to the battle between structure of property right and market structure.The research purpose of this thesis is to verify the reforming of state-owned banks and look for the direction for them to improve their efficiency. Seeing that financial reform route leading by our government, this text has also further probed into the government behavior to offer a deeper ground visual angle.This thesis is divided into seven seals altogether besides introduction, the main content is as follows:Chapter one: Literature review of the efficiency influence factor of commercial banks. In this chapter, I go on literature survey in efficiency estimate, efficiency influence factor, domestic efficiency study of commercial banks, and point out their problems.Chapter two: Theory analysis of efficiency influence factor of banks. The outstanding characters of the banking and state-owned commercial banks of our country lie in property right, market structure and cooperative competition mechanism, which are important to influence behavior of state-owned commercial banks. So this chapter discuss on the relation between them and efficiency. As regards property right, there is battle between the property right theory and the ultra property right theory. The route of property right on efficiency is mainly in function of property right. As regards structure of market, MP and RMP think banks which control the market can obtain profit efficiency, but QL thinks the movie of large bank managing and controlling is weak, which reduce down attention of large banks on management and scale, so the efficiency of them is not high. This thesis agrees with them all. Besides that, the appropriate monopoly of the banking has offered the facility for innovating to large banks, which benefit not only large banks themselves but also the other banks. From above we can see that it is obvious relation between bank market structure and efficiency is complicated and has no final conclusion.Chapter three: Particularity analysis of efficiency influence factor of state-owned commercial bank. This chapter analyzes property right, market structure and cooperation of state-owned commercial banks in our country. This text stresses these three, the reason is: the sample capacity is far from enough when summarizing all factors; secondly, there are battles between theory of property right structure and theory of market structure in the course of reforming in the bank; thirdly, before there are more attention on competition and little on cooperation. Seeing that the leading type of our government in reforming, this chapter also discusses government behavior in property right and market structure of state-owned commercial banks.Chapter four: Analysis of scale economy influence factor of state-owned commercial bank. Efficiency estimation is the foundation in evaluating factors that influence efficiency. This chapter estimate scale economy of state-owned banks at first, then verify factors that influence efficiency through the plural regression model. When scale economy is estimated, the control variable that means the bank bears risk ability are included. This variable is a revision of the normal form of traditional research. In the regression model of influencing scale economy, the independent variable is mainly of property right, concentration degree of market, market share. The former reflects the property right difference, the latters reflect market structure. Because such individual differences of bank as company manage will also influence efficiency of banks, operating extra-expenditure / gross income, loan / deposit, loan / assets are included in the model. Operating outlay / gross income states the ability of company control. Loan / deposit reflect the situation of bank assets disposition, which is combined with deposit credit balance matter in our country. Loan / assets reflect bank traditional business proportion, which is combined with innovation issue of state-owned banks.It is influence factor of technological efficiency and profit are analyzed separately in chapter five and chapter six. Because these two chapters are similar to chapter four in settlements, only changes are explained specially.Chapter seven: Conclusion. Comprehensive evaluation and analysis in factors influencing efficiency of state-owned banks are carried on. Because it is the particular efficiencies are researched above, it is necessary for this chapter to appraise in a whole.The main conclusions are: it is not obvious for the structure of property right to act on scale economy, but obvious on technological efficiency and profit efficiency, which means property right has an influence on the efficiency of state-owned banks directly. Property right pluralism can raise efficiency of state-owned banks. Seeing the role of government, government's behavior will influence efficiency of state-owned banks indirectly. If there are exist still for government to affect bank's conduction with property right of state-owned banks pluralism as researched in chapter three, it is unchanged for efficiency level of state-owned banks.In addition with property right, market structure obviously is the most important factor influencing efficiency, which has proved again the meaning of paying attention to market structure of the banking. Then, how should market structure of the banking be adjusted? What concentration degree of market mainly influences is technical efficiency of state-owned banks. The higher the concentration degree of market, the stronger the intensity of monopolization, the lower efficiency of state-owned banks is. So it is necessary to adjust concentration degree of market. As for the contradiction of technical efficiency improving after MS expands and technical efficiency reducing after extension with HHI, this thesis thinks it is helpful to improve technological efficiency of state-owned banks if they form pressure to other banks when scale expansion, and then other banks strengthen themselves through innovation etc, which makes competition intense.But if enlargement of market share causes improvement of concentration of market, it may reduce technology efficiency. The influence on technical efficiency depends on the properties of market structure and the concentration degree of market with scale expansion.As company managing is concerned, operating extra-expenditure has a weak influence on scale economy, but a strong influence on technological efficiency and little influence on profit efficiency. This means what company managing influences mainly is technical efficiency of state-owned banks. Therefore, during the process of improving efficiency level of state-owned banks, it can't be ignored for state-owned banks to strengthen their company managing.What should be careful is that company managing is a quite complicated problem. Structure of property right is only an important respect which influences company managing.As loan / deposit and loan / assets are concerned, they have little influence on technology efficiency, but have a negative influence on scale economy and profit efficiency. This means the higher the share of the loan, the lower efficiency is. Therefore, it is essential for state-owned banks to change the reliance on the traditional business and develop business innovation and strengthen the cooperation with non-bank if they want to go on with long-term development and improvement of efficiency.At last, on foundation of analysis comprehensively, this text has put forward policy suggestion for improving efficiency of state-owned commercial banks.The innovation lies in:Firstly, now researchers on efficiency lay more emphasis on estimination, but little on theories. Theory is the foundation of estimination, without which the research is absent of convincing. And theory is a supplement to estimination, which overcomes the defects that some data can not be get and some factors can not be evaluated. This thesis combines theory with estimination to discuss the factors that will influence efficiency of state-owned commercial banks.Secondly, government's behavior is an important factor that can't be ignored in research. In the past, researches have scarcely involved government's behavior, which is a shortcoming. This thesis probes into government behavior, which makes research on factors influencing efficiency of state-owned commercial bank more profound. It is fit with the reality of our country.Thirdly, efficiency of bank is complicated, the research about technical efficiency, or profit efficiency, or scale economy is only a certain angle of efficiency, which is easy to lead settlement contradict. So it is necessary to summarize on the whole. This text has carried on comprehensive evaluation and analyzed the contradiction appearing, which is more favorable to policy recommendations and is a way to do with the fact that there is still has technological difficulty to research efficiency for one whole at present.Fourthly, in the past the input and output and the influence factors are different greatly in studying model, which is unfavorable to comprehensive analysis. This thesis makes little changes in them and only adjust dependant on character of the concret efficiency, which makes comprehensive evaluation and analysis feasible. |
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