Study On The Public Goods Supply Of Urban Community

The subject of this dissertation is the public goods supply of community. The diversified supply order and the innovation of government constitutions are essential for the effective supply of community public goods. Multiple supply mechanisms, which are based on the attribute and characteristic of community public goods, are needed for the effective supply of community public goods. There is an internal relationship among the construction of society, community construction and public goods supply. Harmonious society construction is based on the public goods supply. For affluent society, the construction of the public goods supply and demand has been the main aspect of our social essential contradiction, and directly affects the construction of socialistic harmonious society. The public goods supply is the critical element for our harmonious society, because the increase of individual income will result in the increase of the demand for public goods, what's more, demand for public goods and the diversity of consuming activities made the life style more comfortable. The constant development of the national economy is both the prerequisite and consequence of increase of public goods. The supply of balanced public goods is necessary for solving the social interest groups problems, and the public goods supply and transformation of government function are mutual cause and effect. Actually, it has been common sense that by supply of public goods we can construct the socialist harmonious society. The social construction is by means of the community construction. Nowadays, solving social problems in community is the realistic foundation of society construction, and is born from the reasonable division of modern country's social function, then developed division and cooperation among state, market and community. Furthermore, demand and production of the public goods is in the charge of state; individual demand and production is in the charge of market, and the demand and production of community public goods is under the community itself. With the development of our urban community construction, and deep recognition of community construction, people agree that harmonious community construction is based on the supply of community public goods, which gradually become aware practice.To grasp the residents demand of community public goods is the threshold of effective supply, and the precondition of building up community public supply system, which is oriented by demand. The overall condition is that community public goods have been the main demand for the community residents, and it must be integrated. For community residents, the intense need is primary living things; the fundamental need is safety; the important demand is to build up the community surroundings; and the urgent demand is to perfect the community facility, improve the living standard, better people's relationship; and the realistic demand is to broaden community affairs management ways, realize self-value. With the division of interested groups, the disadvantaged groups' problem has been salient, simultaneously, communities are divided into low-income, middle-income and high-income ones, showing community layer tendency. Different interest groups require different community public goods; the rich groups need for better facility, higher living standard and self-realization; the low-income ones mainly ask for higher income and more employment opportunities. The old want more communication, healthcare, insurance and safety; workers request quiet community circumstance; juveniles need more equipment to conduct extracurricular activities. Different communities have common demand of higher education level, avoiding noise pollution, social insurance, better community circumstance, and joining in community public affairs; low-income community residents need urgently for more income, jobs and social resources, meanwhile high-income communities ask for motorbus, supermarket, and facilities.Subdivides the community public goods and links up the community public goods supply and demand. Subdividing the community public goods demand and supply helps to analyzes deeply the connotation, extension, characteristic, and concrete content of community public goods. The subdivided standards are as follows: according to the benefit objects, divides into community welfare products and convenience products; according to non-exclusive characteristic, divides into charging goods, public resources, and collective products; by technique quality, divides into capital-intensive goods, technique-intensive goods, and labor-intensive goods; by supply body, it groups into monopolistic goods and non-monopolistic goods; based on if owing the exclusive use, subdivides into exclusive community public goods and community goods in common. At last, in terms of different supply bodies and their function, there are community public goods supplied by certain executive officer and legal administration, community public goods provided by public operated department, community public goods served by housing management firms; neighbor goods afforded by community residents and the community public goods furnished by community organizations.The multiple suppliers include the government, non-profit organizations, community, "Danwei" in community, and the community residents, etc. The effective providing public goods needs to build the order of the multiple suppliers, that is co-labor in order to provide community public goods together. The essence of multiple suppliers order is that community public goods should not be provided solely by the government, but by a compound network including all the interested groups. However, in China, the supply body is single and disordered, such as the government and the enterprises like "father and son", community committee "multiple agencies", homeowners committee and the housing managing firms like "master and servant". Multiple suppliers order derives from the separation, connection, and cooperative production of these three roles: consumer, supplier and producer. For long time, our local government has been playing the role of both supplier and producer, but government should act mainly as the supplier rather than the producer, when they provide community public goods. The "883 plan" and its implementation in Wuhan city are examples to show that the government has to conduct a series of system innovations, including establishing the communication mechanism of all interested groups, consulting to make out community public goods supply amount and quality standard, building up multiplex fund raising system, setting down principle, executing target management; and choosing supply mechanism and producer, etc.The effective supplying public goods for the community requires the multiple supplying mechanism. The supply mechanism is an organic combination, which is developed in the process when consumer, supplier, and producer supply and produce public goods. It has been common sense to adopt several systems to supply community public goods, indicating the governing idea of government function being civilian management, and the civilian management will actually increase the supply efficiency. Presently, excessive community public goods are supplied only by administration, while some community public goods provided overfull by market. Community public goods supply mechanism is mainly composed of administration; quasi-market, volunteer; and self-governance. Different communities should use a certain or several mechanisms to supply community public goods. Government can adopt administration mechanism to provide Rules and Regulations product (administration, execution of the law). The government and "Daiwei" take advantage of the quasi-market mechanism to provide abundant chargeable goods. (water ,power ,gas). "Daiwei" in community and community residents can voluntarily supply the community public goods such as helps for the disadvantaged groups, environment and sanitation, community public safety, medical treatment, education and convenience service goods. Community public goods and neighbor goods can be produced and supplied primarily by self-governance mechanism. These grass root organizations are good examples of self-governance mechanism: the hobby groups, housing self-governance units, residents fraternity, etc. The old age pension is of the comprehensive nature. Therefore, in reality, each supplying body should conduct many kinds of supplying mechanisms to supply together...