Study On The Development Of Agriculture And Livestock Of Ningxia Plain From 13th To 19th

Ningxia Plain is one of the earlier development areas in history. It has more superior conditions for agriculture and livestock develop as well as several factors which constrain the development of agricultural and stockbreeding in Ningxia Plain. The paper takes the development of agriculture and livestock of Ningxia Plain as object of study, reveal and recover systematically the history of the development of agriculture and livestock of Ningxia Plain from 13^th to 19^th, study the experience and draw the lessons, serve for this area economy society develops for sustainable today.This paper's theory significance lies in the research by the fact that Ningxia plain agriculture and livestock develops to Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasty period, the discipline being able to be that special history, historical geography and regional development study builds making active contribution, arid area exploitation and territorial control provide a classic documentation, Ningxia plain exploitation provides the history basis.The paper practice significance lies in the research by the fact that Ningxia plain agriculture and livestock to Yuan Ming and Qing Dynasty period , draw the history experience and lessons, the plain attracts Yellow River irrigation area economic growth road to look forward to finding a suitable road for Ningxia Plain. How effective to be make use of limited water resource to develop the economy, adjust an agriculture herding forest structure, avoid composing in reply destroying history period appearing on decrease developing what be brought about environment, resource blindly, ecological environment construction and sustainable development provide history to this belt warning in the future.It is divided into eight chapters for discussion.Chapter I, this chapter analyzed Ningxia plain natural conditions, including climate, water resources, geological topography, soil, vegetation, natural conditions. Chapter II, this chapter analyzed the central government of Ningxia plain slightly policies. Chapter HI, this chapter analyzed population, ethnic status, and the population of Ningxia Plain growth rapidly because of a series of prompted policy, which reached on top of feudalism population during Qing Jiaqing dynasty, although over a period of time, the population had declined due to the war, famine and other factors, the overall trend is upward. Moreover, native people convert gradually from Tun troops into agricultural people. Chapter IV, this chapter is mainly analyzed on water conservancy construction and land development. Water conservancy projects lead to the growth of Ningxia plain's arable land on a large scale, land develop number reached on top of feudalism during Qing Jiaqing dynasty. But in the mid- and late- of the Qing dynasty, with the increasing of population, land is become larger. However, grain production cannot meet consume of human, that leaded to excile bringing about population scatters, bring about austere environment consequence. Chapter V, this chapter mainly analyzed Ningxia plain's various plants. During this period, the cultivation made further development on the basis of the previous in Ningxia Plain. Various plants have massive growth in their classification and species, meanwhile crops cultivation technique had been made further improvement Chapter VI, this chapter analyzed the cultivation made further development on the basis of the previous in Ningxia Plain. Chapter VII, this chapter analyzed the impact of war on agricultural development, natural disasters, desertification and other aspects. Chapter VIII, analyzed the cultivation of Ningxia plain has successful experiences and lessons.On research method, it pays attention to collect document, the date of archaeological, and makes a quantity analysis and contrary between ancient times and modern world for several important indexes occurred in different history stage such as arable land, grain production and etc.Cultivation of Ningxia Plain has successful experience as well as lessons we should learn.Successful experience: 1. The cultivation of land in Ningxia plain had great develop because of government's attention and prompt of a series of policy, which provided successful experiences for agricultural develop in arid and semi-arid areas can learn from the successful experience of agriculture development. Ningxia Plain had become one of the richest agriculture area after long time, known as "Saibei Jiangnan"; 2.The policy of migrate should be benefit for the consolidation of the northwest borderland, accelerating nation merge and maintaining nation solidification; 3.Water conservancy and water technologies should be provide successful experience for irrigation establish in arid areas. Its irrigation project technology provided successful experiences for dry areas as well as other areas in china.Lessons should be learned : 1.Production scales of agriculture and livestock should fit in with the bear ability of resources and environments, population increase should be controlled effectively; 2. Increasing the investment of ecological management through develop and protect measures, improving ecological environment of Ningxia plain by modern technology and science; 3. Perfecting management, establish water management system of water resources, and improving the economic and ecological effectiveness of water resources.