A Study On The Balanced System About Supply-Demand Of Rural Public Goods

The supply-demand imbalance of the rural public goods is the focal point in the issues of"agriculture, farmers and the rural area."Thus, to seek the efficient way of realizing the balance of the supply-demand imbalance of the rural public goods from the perspective of institutional arrangement has both important theoretical value and vital meaning for implementing the strategy of overall development of urban and rural as a whole and keeping a sustainable and stable development of the social economy.There are all together six sections in this paper. The first section is an induction and review of the academic research outcomes concerning the issues of rural public goods since the years of 1990s (especially after the Rural Tax-fee Reform) from the perspective of supply-demand relationship. The second section theoretically defines the prescriptive meaning of the system of the supply-demand balance of the rural public goods, analyzes the social factors affecting the supply-demand relationship of the rural public goods, and puts forward the three basic models that can organically link up the supply-demand relationships of rural public goods. The third section sees the systematic examination over the developing trace of the institution of the rural public goods since the founding of the PRC. In this way, the knowledge on the history of the current institutional arrangement of the rural public goods and on the changes of its development has been enhanced. The fourth section witnesses the empirical analyses on the present situation of the rural public supply-demand relationships and its institutional innovation from an empirical perspective, which provides realistic foundation for building up a balanced supply-demand system of the rural public goods. The fifth section is an analysis on the beneficial condition and the main delimiting factors of building up a balanced supply-demand system of the rural public goods. The sixth section puts forward and argues on the principles and fields of systematic innovation and it's related systematic arrangement of raising the efficiency of systematic innovation.The major research results (conclusion) of the dissertation are as follows:1. Theoretical analysis shows that in different social and economical circumstances, according to the recognition of the status and significance of the rural public goods under different phases of social and economic development, and through affecting each other, the main supply-demand body of the rural public goods can form the systematic arrangement respectively and develop various models of the connection ways of supply-demand relation of rural public goods. It seeks the maximum interests as a whole from the complex relations of the individual interests and public interests. This, on the one hand, reveals the goal, the dynamics, the efficient way of realization, and the required conditions of a balanced supply-demand system of rural public goods with its nature as an system of coordinating interests; and on the other hand, it reveals inner relationships among the behavioral feature of the supply-demand subject, the social economical environment, and the institutional arrangement of the balanced supply-demand system of rural public goods as an economic system.2. The result of the analysis shows that four aspects of the social economical and environmental factors , which are the changing law of the demand, the advancement of the technology, the structure of the elements and the way of distributing resources, have vital influence to the supply-demand relationship. From the perspective of demand, this influence is shown by the changes of the quantity, the quality and the structure of the demand. From the perspective of supply, this influence is reflected by the goal, the models of the supply and the behavioral ways of the subject of the supply. The three basic models that can organically link up the demand-supply relationships of the rural public goods are as follows: the government leading model, the non-government leading model, the market-dominating model. The running method and the fitting scope of the three models have their own characteristics, if combined, they will coordinate and be one integrated mass.3. Through systematic checking the developing trace of the institution of the rural goods since the founding of the PRC, author discovers that, comparing to the informal systematic arrangement, the degree and the functioning scope of the formal systematic arrangement of the rural public goods have been enhanced constantly. The aim of the formal systematic arrangement is dramatically influenced by the social economical environment and the strategy of development. And its achievement is considerably delimited by the basic social and economic system of the rural area. 4. The results of the case study and research show that, on the one hand, there is nothing to be optimistic on the supply-demand status quo of the rural public goods, and the regional differences are also very considerable. The preferences for the rural public goods of various functions are different according to different regions and formers of different levels of income. On the other hand, the offside, the lacking and the dislocation of the government functions have not only caused the imbalance of the supply-demand relationship, but also increased burdens of the farmers. The lacking of the systems of democratic decision-making and monitoring in the rural areas and of efficient reforming measures has restricted using and raising the public resources effectively. Meanwhile, author also discovers that, to some degree, in order to seek their own interests, the rural officers and the average farmers with innovative awareness have not only alleviated the contradiction of demand-supply relations, but also provided an efficient way to achieve the balanced supply-demand relation of the public goods through systematic innovation.5. Based on the analysis on the history and the reality, the dissertation believes that putting forward the scientific viewpoint of development, the dramatic increase of the national economic power, the improvement of the market system and the establishment of the basic democratic system in the rural area have laid a good foundation in term of ideas, economic, institution in order to achieve balanced demand-supply relation of the rural public goods. Meanwhile, the inertial function of the traditional strategy of development, the systematic contradiction caused by the backwardness of reform of the political institution comparing to the reform of economic institution and the inner contradiction between the self-government by the farmers and the government authorization have been restricting the close connection of the demand-supply relations of the rural public goods.6. Improving the whole interests of the society should be the ultimate goal of coordinating the systematic innovation of the demand-supply relations of the rural public goods. At the same time we should adhere to the principles of giving priority to fairness with due consideration to efficiency, guiding according to classification, combining the stimulation with restrain, combining the part with the whole and proceeding in an orderly way and step by step. According to the changes of the current micro-economic and social environment of our country, the key of coordinating the demand-supply relations of rural public goods lies in the systematic innovation, and the importance lies in making overall plans of the rural-urban systematic arrangement of the public goods. It is of our high responsibility to actively promote the systematic innovations of policy-making and monitoring, of capital investment and integration, and of property right, and at the same time, improve the effectiveness of systematic innovation through transforming the functions of the government, reforming the fiscal system and strengthening the establishment of the democratic system at the grass-roots level.