Study On The Performance And Innovations Of The System Of Farmland Contrac In International Business

The system of rural farmland contract operation on household basis has been implemented for 25 years, during which great changes took place in rural and social economy. This system stimulated initiative of peasants in work and production, ended the phenomenon of agricultural products shortage long existing in the history of China, promoted overall development of economy and society and advanced agriculture toward marketization and modernization. The performance of system innovation is obvious to all of the world. With the continuous development of market economy, the problem of rural area, agricultural development and income increase of peasants has become more and more obvious. The system of rural farmland contract operation on household basis, once called the "China Miracle", encountered new challenges under the new situation, which also gave rise to heated discussion on how the society should deepen reform of current farmland contract operation system on household basis. Entering into the 21st century, land use and rural development entered into the period of government finance supporting agriculture, industry back-feeding agriculture, urban and rural development planned as a whole and construction of new rural area. Has the farmland contract operation system on household basis come to an end with its advantages and problems coexisting? Is it necessary to continue to exist still? Does the current farmland contract system need to be reformed and how? To understand and answer these questions, we should have an objective analysis and evaluation of the operating performance of the current farmland contract operation system on household basis, especially listen to ideas and opinions of peasants, so as to put forward an objective basis for deepening reform and improving farmland system.Based on the above reasons, the author studies the influence of farmland contract operation system on household basis on rural economy, rural labor force and household income as well as limitations of the system and reasons for them in this paper, analyzes microscopic performance of farmland contract operation system on household basis and puts forward innovative thoughts and mode about household operation system on the basis of stabilizing the current land use right. Composition of the paper:In Chapter 1, the author introduces the topic selection background of the paper, summary of studies home and abroad, study content and innovations. In Chapter 2, the author explains land and property right allocation in the farmland contract operation system on household basis. The author primarily analyzes land distribution among peasant households and property right setting-up on land in the farmland contract operation system on household basis. Peasants select three ways of land distribution, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Peasant households have the right to possess, use, benefit from and partly dispose their contracted farmlands. At the same time when obtaining land operation right, peasants undertake production, tax-paying and other duties and responsibilities in the form of deed.From Chapter 3 to Chapter 7, the author analyzes performance of farmland contract operation system on household basis. Thereinto, the author analyzes utility of peasants' exercising the right to make decisions on land operation, i.e., the subjective enjoyment or effectiveness of peasants' independently exercising the right to make decisions on land operation on their own contracted farmlands defines utility of land operation decision-making, including satisfaction increased through increase of material fortune of peasant families, transformation of peasant's concepts toward land and improvement of their ability in independent decision-making, analyzes preferences shown by peasants in the process of operation decision-making, influence of these preferences on agricultural structure adjustment and selection of best combination of operation on the limited contracted farmland; and analyzes the function and effect of farmland contract operation system on household basis on improvement of farmland productivity. The author analyzes increase in farmland input and characteristics of farmland productivity increase. To be more specific, national farmland productivity shows a sustained growth with rapid pace and then slowing down. Farmland productivity of Hebei Province tends to grow stably and lastingly. Productivity of mountain and plain farmlands shows differed sustained growth. The author also analyzes influence of farmland contract operation system on household basis on allocation of household labor force supply and demand. The farmland contract operation system on household basis released a large amount of rural labor force. The author demonstrates the reason for labor force release and the phenomenon of scissors difference in male and female labor force structure and its tendency. Farmland contract operation system on household basis improved the distribution mode of income from farmlands. The author analyzes composition of farmland income distribution and general principles, demonstrates influence of difference land income distribution modes on peasant household income. The main room that stimulated work initiative of peasants in the contract operation system on household basis is the income distribution principle of "more pay for more work". By calculating changes in household income of three peasant households under different land operation systems, the author shows the contribution of farmland contract operation system on household basis to improving land income distribution mode and increasing farmland productivity.In Chapter 8, the author analyzes limitations of the farmland contract operation system on household basis. All systems should match with the productivity level of a certain period and need to be continuously improved with changes in macro social and economical environment. After 25 years of operation, the farmland contract operation system on household basis showed such problems as incomplete land property right, contradiction between small peasant households and large market, contradiction between land scale and factor allocation and the appearance of the group of peasants without land property right. Also, the author analyzes reasons constraining large scale operation of farmlands, including land circulation being constrained by many factors, social security function of farmlands exceeding production functions, etc.In Chapter 9 and Chapter 10, the author puts forward innovation thoughts and modes for farmland contract operation system on household basis. On the basis of stabilizing the farmland contract operation system on family basis, we should carry out organized combination from three levels: on the microscopic level, enhance communication and combination of peasant households with enterprises and with market, enhance the function of cooperative economic organizations in the operation way of farmland contract on household basis, that is, cooperative economic organizations, with itself at the center, link market and enterprises on the former end and link dispersed peasant households on the latter end so as to professionalize peasant households' production, occupationalize peasants' work and make small pieces of lands of thousands of households form large productivity meeting demands of market agriculture; on the middle-view level, plan and allocate regional rural and urban resources as a whole oriented at urban development, direct peasants to enter cities with their lands and realize transformation from peasants to citizens, ensuring their benefits in the process; and, on the macroscopic level, drive the primary industry with the secondary industry, which is at the core, and promote concerted development of third and other industries to enhance basic function of agriculture. On the condition of not changing the farmland contract operation system on household basis, realize transformation from conventional agriculture to market agriculture and modern agriculture. Finally, the author introduces development of Hebei Qingyuan High and Superior Agricultural Cooperative with more than 20 years of history and listed among the one hundred excellent agricultural cooperatives of China. Possible innovations of the paper: First, the author studies satisfaction of peasants on exercising the right to independently make decisions on farmland operation, analyzes peasants' preferences in operation making-making and their satisfaction on exercising the right to independently make decisions with economics theories and finds out an equilibrium solution to best benefit of independent decision-making on operation of farmlands contracted by households; second, the author, through an analysis of satisfaction of peasants at different age ranges on the current land use system, comes to the argument that China's current land use system is appropriate and thus reform of and innovation on land operation ways should be carried out on maintaining the current system; third, the author analyzes and summarizes five land income distribution modes in China during the half century, and proves and comes to the conclusion, through a tracking analysis of household incomes of three families under different land income distribution modes, that improvement in land income distribution mode is the source stimulating production initiative of peasants; fourth, the author puts forward innovation thoughts for land operation system from micro, middle and macro levels, i.e., to make innovations on land operation ways on the basis of the current farmland contract operation system on household basis. And, directed by cooperation and combination, allocate resources and carry out inter-industry combination and realize concerted development on micro, middle and macro levels.