Applied Research, Knowledge Management In Science And Technology Projects In The Project Evaluation

Development of science and technology(S&T) enterprise determines the status of a country and a nation in the world and contribution capacity of a country to the human society. Under the guidance of the strategic goal, "Building innovative country", determined by Chinese government, S&T inputs of governments at all levels gets a substantial increase and enthusiasm of innovation in society is fully transformed. Against such a background, this thesis, in view of current evaluation mechanism of S&T project, discusses the theory and method about computer-aided evaluation of information gain of elements in S&T project realized by using technology of knowledge engineering.Study on S&T project evaluation originated in the early 1960s. Theory, system and method of S&T project evaluation at home and abroad have been constantly enriched with development of human knowledge. A collection of relative study results are formed in many fields, such as R&D evaluation theory of S&T project, risk evaluation theory, S&T policy research and study on evaluation method of S&T project and so on. These theories and methods make contribution to development of S&T enterprise in different perspectives. However, because of widespread deficiencies which are lacking of special study in above study and complexity of realization and other issues, S&T management workers in china still choose the relatively simple evaluation method which core is experts' evaluation. This option is considerably restrained by existing financial management system and S&T management system. Therefore, this study takes into full consideration to the demand of efficiency factors, as well as demands of specific needs, and pursuing goals of project and integration between results of research and practical application as far as possible.Some see the S&T project evaluation as a multi-objective, multi-attribute decision-making problem, in fact, that decision-making still has great uncertainty. Many studies have explored that making subjective will of cognitive and knowledge experience of experts for S&T project into corresponding quantitative indicators then forming a relatively complete solution, but inconsistency of experts for the measurement criteria makes this method deviate from the actual value from the beginning. Guiding ideas of this thesis is that making expert evaluation of S&T project under condition of making information as far as possible. Information gain of S&T project is from dominance of knowledge carried by them own. Information gain effect is to promote consistency and fairness of expert evaluation, and effective way to achieve information gain is from theories and methods of knowledge engineering.Applied research on knowledge engineering in S&T project evaluation has made some progress. But most studies focus on machine learning methods and amendment of evaluation indicators system, lacking of targeted research results in view of current S&T management system.We see the applied research of knowledge engineering in S&T project as a process containing knowledge innovation, knowledge integration, and knowledge change. Scientific evaluation of knowledge, possibility evaluation of knowledge change and comprehensive evaluation in the environment, conditions results and other related elements can be identified as keys of approving project evaluation. Under research thought which main line is knowledge engineering, we discuss concept that means extracting knowledge by using Chinese word segmentation technology from application reports, principle method constructing project knowledge ontology and Incremental Clustering Algorithm of S&T project, transform the tacit knowledge in application reports and achieve information gain. On the other hand, we explore the model technology of using knowledge engineering, knowledge base method, technical method achieving evaluation of team meeting degrees and evaluation financial conditions. To overcome impact caused by different attributes of various project appliers to evaluation result, we also discuss basic rules of classification evaluation.The goal orientation of whole research is not based on making systematic, quantitative indicators system into a numerical calculation results, but realizes effective information gain in all aspects of S&T project evaluation. The process of achieving gain by using computer is inseparable from interaction between experts and machines; we hope cumulative effect generated by this interaction will continue to form rich and accurate effect of basic knowledge of all types of projects evaluation. The reason of conception can be boiled down to the following aspects: First, levels of S&T project in various localities throughout the country are uneven, because of incentive-oriented principle of government, evaluation theory and technical practicality are limited in relative complexity for some time. Second, we must meet the need of S&T management organization and system, as well as need of their reform, and support open evaluation form and process. Third, because various uncertain factors of S&T project evaluation are difficult to be expressed all in quantifiable results accurately, the experts could not avoid subjective evaluation factors. Information gain is an effective mean to eliminate uncertainties and promote the increase of scientificity and fairness.This thesis is divided into six chapters describing the purpose and significance of this research, analyzing former results of related research, relatively complete introducing basic theory based on this research, focusing in application of theory and method of knowledge engineering in technical constitution and innovative evaluation of S&T project, team evaluation of S&T project and financial condition of S&T project, forming a integrated result with research method and technology and demonstrating the result of using samples for confirmatory test.The innovation of this paper, firstly, is that determining basic thinking of pursuit of information gain transformed by knowledge and promotion of evaluation level. Moreover it proposes clustering method and comparing method of project knowledge ontology, in support of machine automatic inquiry of similar projects and machine help of determination of project innovation, as well as classification evaluation of project effectively raising the scientificity of the evaluation. The thesis also reflects another innovation, which does not see similar results in former researches, which are theory and process of combining tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge to achieve financial evaluation of S&T project conditions.The result of this study is limited to apply in two types, project of applied basic research and technical innovation project, in Chinese government S&T planned project, not for the basic planned project.