| This paper studies the operation of business incubator, which is divided into six chapter. Its key point is generalized as follow.Chapterâ… . The new view of researching business incubatorIn the knowledge economy, new small enterprises develop quickly, even if large enterprises derive from or spin off a lot of small enterprises in the tidal of annex. The new small enterprises have very strong feasibility and diversification whether they are in technological innovation or system innovation or market innovation, which become one of the main power in economic sustainable development. However, because of lack of its growing environment, most of new small enterprises can not survive normally. These years this problem is one of the policy focus in many countries. The business incubator was a management model in start-up stage, which its meaning was to utilize the fixed assets in economic depression. The management model offer a lend for small enterprises in one or several building, and offer share equipment and mentor service, which made survive to small enterprises effectively. After many years in practice and explore about business incubator, although different countries have diverse concept in constructing business incubator, the policy sense which business incubator makes survive to small enterprises is widely self-identity.With the development of the business incubator from 80's of twenty century in the world, the study of business incubator is changing from the superficial feasibility to the deep-seated effective operation gradually. However, the academia just begins to the study of business incubator and does not discuss enough in theory and practice. The paper hopes to do some exploration.The paper essences in the methodology are inquiring consciousness and holistic thinking. The inquiring consciousness demand the writer to do self-reflection critically for all research by other writer and to do thinking rationally for all problem; the holistic thinking makes the writer to construct the analytical frame to research entirely from the basic problem which the writer has established. The essence question concerned by the paper is how business incubator is operated. Broadly speaking, what is the foundation and goal of business incubator operation? Which operating model is adopted in these premises? How is the innovation comprehended by the operation of business incubator? How does the government affect the operation of business incubator? How to develop capital venture in the operation of business incubator? Which policy should be taken to make the evolution and sustainable development of business incubator in China.Chapterâ…¡. The foundation of business incubator operationThe operation of business incubator includes supporting possible space outside, choosing the tenant, offering basic equipment and service, service of the enterprise and entrepreneur growth, preferential policy, tracking and supervising firms, graduating form business incubator in the case of business incubator operation. The main characteristics of business incubator operation can be summarized form the basic connotation on these cases and other scholar discussing about the operation of business incubator, which include the basic process of business incubator operation, the life cycles of business incubator and the change of operating model, the operation management, the effective operation. The basic process of business incubator operation includes four stages: community support, investment of business incubator, incubated company, output of business incubator. The life cycles of business incubator include preparing, beginning, developing and mature stages or start-up, business development and mature stages, which the operating model usually changes form the real estate to provide a lot of service with business, management and capital. The operating management bases on a group, which it is a process that the system of business incubator utilizes the incubating resource effectively and arms at goal including the management of personnel, capital, establishment, tenant. The factors of effective operation include community support, linking with university and laboratory, entrepreneur network supporting start-up, capital resource, business skill, official service. The basic connotation and main characteristic of business incubator operation have more deep-seated object foundation, which includes incubating object, entrepreneur process, successful enterprise development. The incubating objects include small enterprise, item, entrepreneur. The entrepreneur process is to link with entrepreneur ability, technology, capital, know-how effectively. The successful enterprise development which is a dynamic concept is based on three kinds of innovation, numeral process and certain arrange, which is the process to establish a successful enterprise on principle object, strategy object, organizing policy, management policy, personnel policy, market policy and systemic policy.Chapterâ…¢. The innovation in business incubator operationInnovation is the most important behave. Form the point of the business incubator operation, innovation which is based on the general meaning is both technological and social process that its characteristics are complexity and uncertainty. The innovation complexity is that there are diversity of technology change, non-linear reciprocity in many innovation subject, linking with multi-stage and multi-function of innovation. Innovation uncertainty is that there are no necessity link between cause and result in innovation. Although the result of theory and practical analysis is not common completely to incubating object or small enterprise, the innovation of large enterprise is the same as small enterprise totally. Comparing the advantage of large enterprise innovation with material resource, the advantage of small enterprise has something to do with the entrepreneur activity. The most active innovation subject is high-technology small enterprise among incubating company. The characteristic of foreign high-technology small enterprise includes: (1) mastering one key technology in some field; (2) a team of technology having eligible and renewing knowledge constantly, and a network of linking external person with ability; (3) mastering rich technology and management knowledge in their professional field; (4) developing new product constantly and forming their own a series of product; (5) drawing long plan of research and development and market. The high-technology small enterprise in our country has innovation energy and power comparing with foreign, but it is much restricted by institution. As a whole, business incubator which has a integrate comprehend to incubating company innovation reflects to construct the innovation environment to speed up and promote innovation. The goal of constructing innovation environment which business incubator operates accords with the goal of national innovation policy, including to construct innovation basic establishment, to foster the innovation capability of innovation subject, to connect fruit of science and technology with market, and to link with other small enterprise policy. The principle which the business incubator supports incubating company is to avoid the innovation uncertainty form the innovation complexity, which implies three dimensionalities about innovation subject, function space, and time. Broadly speaking, the innovation environment which business incubator constructs includes provider, buyer, rival, government, university and scientific research laboratory, and professional agency, having two part of the direct environment which is constructed by its own and the indirect environment which is constructed with external resource.Chapterâ…£. The analysis of government behavior which influences the operation of business incubatorA government is an important factor supporting the operation of business incubator. From the analysis of demonstration, the government behavior which influences the operation of business incubator in foreign countries can sum up three aspects: to invest to operate business incubator; to reinforce to manage and supervise the operation of business incubator; to reinforce the policy environment of incubating company and business incubator operation. The government behavior which influences the operation of business incubator in our country mainly includes five aspects: to draw and execute a plan to start a business incubator; to invest to operate business incubator; to correspond and manage the operation; to operate business incubator; to perfect the policy environment of business incubator operation. By our comparing analysis about the government starting and jointing the operation of business incubator in our country and other countries, there are two models which a government behavior which influences the operation of business incubator: the dominant model which a government starts to operate business incubator and the supporting model which a government speeds the operation of business incubator. These two models imply that a government has two basic functions in the operation of business incubator. The macro-function is to instruct the operation of business incubator and to draw and supervise the operating mechanism. The micro-function is to participate in incubating company, innovation environment and business incubator network. In incubating company, a government constructs the market of incubating company, draws and executes preferential policy, and pilots incubating company behavior. In innovation environment factors, a government acts as the professional agency, which offer, supports or encourage university and scientific research laboratory to take part in start-up, fosters other professional agency vigorously at the same time. In business incubator network, a government constructs business incubator network or association, draws relational system and regulations, and assists to develop the number for business incubator network.Chapterâ…¤. Venture capital in the operation of business incubatorVenture capital is another important factor supporting the operation of business incubator. There are supplement each other in incubation between venture capital and business incubator, which business incubator emphasizes particularly on hardware factors in incubating function, while venture capital stresses on software factors in incubating function which is the inevitable trend extending and promoting the incubating function of business incubator. when a business incubator come into the mature stage, venture capital is a basic means to speed effective operation and incubation of business incubator. Comparing with the business incubator operation, the venture capital operation must be restricted, which there is much more normative market operating demand in capital source, organization, institutional incentive and equilibrium, capital exit way, supporting system. In our country present operation of business incubator, the advantage to develop venture capital includes: policy rules having perfected gradually, rich civilian capital, government support actively, the operating team having grandness and more strength, having some practiced experience to develop venture capital. The disadvantage to develop venture capital includes: single venture capital source way and not enough venture capital, lack of capital exit way, short of person with ability, lack of innovation mechanism and innovation culture, lack of the policy rules environment, lack of professional agency service, impertinent investment concept. Therefore, a business incubator must reconstruct the system factors and operating mechanism to develop venture capital. The system factors to develop venture capital for a business incubator include: venture capital person, venture capital subject, venture capital fund, venture capital assure company, professional agency, risk or incubating company, policy rules environment. The venture capital market operating mechanism includes: (1) to widen capital source channel to speed financing mechanism effectively; (2) to make a scientific decision to perfect investment mechanism; (3) to develop management innovation to establish incentive and restriction mechanism; (4) to explore actively to establish flexible multi-exit mechanism.Chapterâ…¥. The business incubator evolving tendency and policy adviceWith the development of globalization, the divide work and integration speed business incubator to type diversification, investment diversification, operation standardization, network, internationalization, which its development model is dominant by government, but will be blocked by its own not enough effective operation capability. From the view of our country, there are bath advantages and disadvantages to overcome lack of effective operation capability. The advantages include: strong government background, strong development advantage, incubated object developing quickly, having good intellect resource, linking science and technology with market system reform, enterprise reform, successful image. The disadvantages include: lack of basis community supporting business incubator, incubating function centralizing on hardware service excessively, not immune from the dynamics of politics, lack of management person with ability, lack of development capital, some mislead management concept. Therefore, the policy advice to speed business incubator operation effectively in our country includes: (1) to definitude the development stratagem and key goal; (2) to set up the operation mechanism suiting to the socialist market economy; (3) to build the policy system supporting business incubator operation.The conclusion of the paper is: that successful business incubator is based on its own effective operation, while its effective operation is based on incubating object, which means developing incubating object successfully: that the construction of innovation environment is the most important operation mechanism; that government and venture capital are two important factors supporting business incubator operation.
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