On The Finance Of Northern Zhili In Ming Dynasty

This dissertation selects the finance of Northern Zhili (直隶) as the research object, focusing on the Emperor Wanli (万历) Times, and uses the historical positivism with the theories of finance and local finance to inspect the fiscal relations between the center and the local and their effects. It analyses the status and contribution in the state finance of Northern Zhili (直隶) in Ming dynasty, located in the capital, and discusses if the local finance of the Capital Area in Ming dynasty has its own characters, and so on.The thesis is composed of five parts, and the general layout is as the following:The introduction of this thesis mainly demarcates the objects of Northern Zhili (直隶) and the local finance, and states the reasons and meanings of selecting objects, traces the previous achievements on this study, and introduces the resources and methodology.Chapter One dissertates the fiscal relations between the center and the local in Ming dynasty, the administrative institutions of the local finance ,and discusses the fiscal administrative systems.Starting with the analysis of the formal and informal fiscal revenue and expenditure, Chapter Two details their concrete kinds and conditions in Northern Zhili (直隶) in Ming dynasty, and indicates that the fiscal conditions are not optimistic.Chapter Three explains the financial characters, such as quite heavy tax crop of turning in Qianliang (钱粮) , the extremely heavy Puhang (铺行) corvee, the rigorous horse corvee, the many Zhuangtian (庄田) and many other heavy corvees, which indicates the specialities of the Capital Area in Ming dynasty because of the heavy exploitations from the center government.The last charpter sums up the standpoints of the dissertation, pointing out that because Northern Zhili (直隶) belonged to the central government, the central government's exploitment is heavier than other areas. The reason is that the central government not only want to take full advantage of the manpower and resource of Northern ZhiLi, but also avoids its threats to the central government. It results from the idea that central government is more important than local government in Ming dynasty.