Research On The Correlation Between The Urban Spatial Structure And The Transportation Development In Tianjin

The 21st century will be the global economic integration century. The global economic integration means that it is strengthen division of labor, the exchange, the cooperation, competition among the global cities day-by-day. The multi-dimensional relation of the close economy, politics, the culture, the society and so on among various cities can realize through urban class spatial flowing of stream of people, physical distribution, fund class, information flow and technical class and so on. This is the product and the manifestation of regional function relation. while urban interior developed transportation network's accessibility and convenient is the support and the carrier to realize urban class. As the regional economic system "the artery" the transportation becomes the essential important hardware to relate regional economies. The transport facility is more advanced, the transport network is denser, the transport capacity's distribution is more reasonable, the necessary commodity of production and life in different zones is easier to satisfy through the exchange among the zones, the economical relation level is higher among the zones.Since the city emerging , the urban development has been the symbol of human progress and civilization . Through several thousand years' evolution, the urban function and the shape became more complex. During its variation process , there are many correlation factors to take action, like economy, science and technology, transportation, socialist system and so on. In these factors, through changing space accessibility the transportation way affects the urban land use way, then affects the urban function structure changing, until the region spatial structure changing. Therefore the road traffic system's adjustment and the transportation way's transformation play the significant decision role to the city spatial structure, the urban scale, and the urban development. Any historical period, the transportation developed degree was manifest most directly of the scientific technological advancing level at that time. Municipal transportation and urban space growth development related closely, because each innovation of transportation technology took vital unreplaceable role to urban spatial structure evolution.This paper takes Tianjin as an example, through comparing among the different historical periods, proposes Tianjin city experienced different periods of germinating, newly establishing, growth, center expansion and spool thread development since the Ming Dynasty building fortification in 1404. During the 600 years, Tianjin has formed the unique urban spatial structure. It took the Haihe river system as the spool thread, launching gradually from west to east. In the second year of Ming Dynasty YongLe (in 1404) , TianjinWei (i.e. old city)was constructed , the city mainly concentrated Wei city and the three-road junction river mouth. After Ming Dynasty middle period, along with Grand Canal's clear and the transporting grain by water industry development, the business industry was prosperous gradually. The city scope expanded from the old city along the south canal and Haihe river. Since Tianjin opened port and trading together in 1860, the Western powers opened the foreign settlement areas along Haihe river banks, thus caused the city along Haihe river to the downstream development further. In the early 20 century Yuan Shikai opened the Hebei new area in the north of Haihe river, forming the pattern which contends with the foreign settlement areas, so the belt-shaped river port urban setting obtained the strengthening. After 1949, the city took the Haihe river system as the spool thread to expanded outward continuously. Since 1952, it planed and constructed 7 workers' housings at the urban edge, then warded off 11 industrial districts in the city periphery, thus the city development character has presented the concentric circle. After reform and open policy, along with the Tianjin Port fast development, the big port oil field's exploration and development and Dagang district's establishment, the Tianjin economic development zone rising in Binhai salt flat, the urban development started to jump out the central city to the Binhai area along the Haihe river spool thread.The change of Tianjin urban spatial shape is remarkable with different transportation way in the different time. The paper analyzes the Tianjin transportation development to the urban space shape influence with representation and the typical nature. At the same time, the paper borrows the time sequence model, the correlation analysis model, the regression model and the correlation dimension model to proof and discuss the correlational dependence and the law of development between the urban spatial structure and the transportation way. And it proposes that establishing the modernized urban synthesis transportation system is the essential premise and the condition to become the international characteristic, the export-oriented city. If the city want to expand the opening to the outside world and attract investments, display the regional economies superiority, it must begin to strengthen the external transportation ability, break the administrative area economy, and realize the transformation from the administrative area economy to the economic zone economy in order to conformity each resources, thus enhance the entire region's competitive power.