A Study On Creative Industry Agglomeration Spacial Organization Of Shanghai

The 21^st century is an epoch that is defined by knowledge economy. The fast growth of creative industry has been a general trend in developed countries and regions. The scale and level of creative industry, which has innovation and creativity at its core, is becoming one of the important benchmarks for the overall competiveness of a country or region. Since the 1990s, the world has seen the birth of the creative industry in numerous metropolises including London, New York, Paris, Frankfurt, Hong Kong, etc. Rich in culture and advanced in economy, these places are among the first to realize the important role of creative industry in economic transformation and urban development. They all enacted policies to encourage the development of the creative industry.Creative industry, also known as creative economy, is open to interpretations in different countries and regions. In recent years, researches in cultural industry, cultural creative industry and content industry are generally synonymous with what is usually referred to as creative industry. The government, as well as the academia, pays more attention to the contribution and employment structure of this new industry and has not given a standardized requirements and research tools. Meanwhile, researches about the agglomeration of creative industry are scarce. It therefore deserves academic studies in the agglomeration and organization of creative industry.International experiences show that important metropolises in the post-industrial era rely on the creative industry as an important impetus to promote transformation in economy. Researches in the experiences of developed countries in this respective is beneficial to Shanghai which is the biggest international economic centers in China. To cultivate and to support and development of the creative industry contributes to the change in the pattern of economic growth of Shanghai. This is especially true if we take in view the holding of the 2010 World Expo and the utilization of facilities after that. The practical significance of such a study of the situation in Shanghai cannot be more evident.This dissertation focuses on the spatial agglomeration of creative industry, which is a complicated process of organization. While outer space refers to the conditions and environment conducive to the spatial agglomeration of creative industry, and is a macrocosmic consideration, the inner space refers to motivations and forces of the incubating agglomeration of creative industries, and is a survey of the agglomeration on a medium level. The combination of the outer and the inner spaces gives rise to and promotes the agglomeration and development of creative industry. The organizational network is the result of a microcosmic study of the agglomeration of the creative industry, an intermediate study of it reveals the factors that maintains and promotes the agglomeration.The present dissertation is divisible into three parts. The first part lays a theoretical foundation and has three chapters, all of which survey the extant researches and theories of the agglomeration of the creative industry. The theoretical foundations of the dissertation are theories in spatial economics. The second part compares international practices. This part applies research means of world geography in analyzing the formation and growth of the agglomeration of creative industry in London, the spatial organization and amelioration of the cartoon industry in Tokyo, the worldwide expansion and management upgrading of Disney. From the perspectives of the municipality, the industry and the enterprises, this part conducts a detailed analysis of the agglomerations of creative industry that are among the pioneers in the world.The third part includes case studies that span Chapters 4 to 8. The present author is the first to use the terms of the exogenous space and the endogenous space. Chapter 4 uses the research methods of historical geography and put forward five advantages of Shanghai for the growth of creative industry, e.g. the mutual influences in the open economy of Shanghai, the free flow of basic element or economic development, the space for the concentration of enterprises, the periodical transformation in the growth pattern of economy.The need to bring new spatial order to old urban areas gives a push to the improvement of spatial utilization. The special history of Shanghai distinguishes her from other cities in and out of China and provides a unique cultural environment. The cultural diversity of a city of immigrants helps to accommodate differences and innovation. The talents who migrate to Shanghai further enlarge her foundation of creativity.The five special features of Shanghai are inter-related and work together to create a favorable environment for the growth of creative industry in Shanghai. The fifth chapter of this part proceeds from the previous chapter to put forward three spatial effects of the agglomeration of the creative industry in Shanghai, namely, the exemplary effect, the alongside effect and spillover effect. This part also discovers the rules in the spatial agglomeration of creative industry in Shanghai, and from its current practices, the dissertation draws conclusion that there are three patterns in the spatial agglomeration of the creative industry in Shanghai, namely, the pattern of coexistence, the pattern of nuclear fission, and the pattern of extension in the form of a fork. The sixth chapter of this part divides the motivations for the spatial agglomeration of creative industry into three types: the self-motivated, the government-guided, and the combination of self-motivated and the government-guided. The nucleus and the principle party in each of the three types are the creativity personnel, who are the first driving force for the agglomeration, they also add to the diversity of the new economy, each of their specialties create a unique cultural dimension. The government, the market, the investors, management and other sectors of the society are all driving forces for the relocation and reorganization of urban public cultural enterprises. The primary and main driving forces for the concentration of the creative industry are the major backgrounds for the spatial agglomeration that play the role of incubators.Analyzing surveys on the importance and the degree of satisfaction of the incubators, this chapter endeavors describes the network relationship in the context of common space and facilities, the net-work relationship based on common business fields, and the net-work relationship of enterprises in relation with the neighboring districts. On the basis of the three previous chapters, the seventh chapter, by using the multivariate linear regression analysis and on the basis of large amounts of surveys, creatively selects the main factors influencing the concentration of creative enterprises in Shanghai, it also establishes the regression formula and calculates for the two ratios between the patents of invention and population and unit area. This chapter takes Bridge No. 8 Area as a model for case study. By taking the perspectives of games rules in creative industry agglomeration, of knowledge spillover, of the roles of universities' entry and government policies in the organization network, and of enterprise network, the eighth chapter draws conclusions about the network patterns and the spatial and organizational patterns in the agglomeration of creative enterprises. The fourth part of this dissertation is the conclusion. It sums up the main arguments and findings of the whole dissertation and suggests some routes for future researches.