The Representation Of Procedure And Difficulty Of Knowledge Work

The human-oriented view has been accepted by most people.Further,it iscognition-oriented in the knowledge-based economy society,which is not only the goalbut also the means to achieve human-oriented world.Therefore,cognition and brainfunction has become the forefront of contemporary research issues.Against thisbackground such issues about the definition,representation and evaluation ofknowledge task was discussed.Firstly,along with the industrial technology development,the proportion that thekownledge economy takes in national economy is larger and larger.It is not the manuallabor production,knowledge task to become the main method of production of work.How to enhance the production efficiency of intelligent work and knowledge task hasalready become the focal point of modern management.What did not match with this isthe researching on knowledge worker productivity.So according cognitive science andmanagement science theory,the definition of knowledge task was discussed in the firstplace,which clarified the nature difference of intellectual work and manual work.It isthe foundation of further researching too.Secondly,the process management is the center of modern scientific management,which is built on the repesentation of process.Only when the process of knowledge taskis represented,the management of knowledge task can carry on the control from process.Also only knowledge task uses objective,unified,accurate and the effective knowledgetask evaluation criteria,which can realize highly effective,the independent workprocess.Therefore,the representation and evaluation are the foundation and core issueof knowledge task.For these reasons,the representation of process and difficulity ofknowledge task were mainly discussed.It is obvious,that knowledge task is to transform subjective symbols(object) fromone condition to another through certain operating mode.From cognition informationtheory viewpoint,the process of knowledge task can be divided into three periodsconsisting of decoding,transforming and encoding.The work process is therepresentation of operating method.Based on psychology,mathematics and the simulation the process of knowledge task was discussed further.The psychologicalmodel,the mathematical model and the simulation model were established separately,and the model method was used to confirm the transformation relations between thepsychology model and mathematical model.First,according to psychology science process of knowledge task is the process ofmental operation.Mental operation is just as therblig(motion operation) of manualwork.So the process of knowledge task is to structure the chain of mental operation.Sothe process of knowledge task can be further decomposed.This paper proposed ninefactor mental operations in the knowledge task.It has been confirmed that mentaloperation existed in the knowledge task process,which is similar to"therbligs"in theoperational work.It confirmed that the knowledge task process can be describedeffectively through the mental operation chain.Second,the process of knowledge task is the process of problem solving which ispath-finding around problem space too.According cognitive engineering and HMMknowledge task is a chain of work state which transforms by probability.Theobservation can represent the state inside.The mathematic model is the base ofsimulation model.Third,AI is a simulation of thinking,similarly in this way researching on thinkingcan be carried.Simulation model is based on ACT-R theory,which is applies thecognitive science theory and the researching method to the researching of knowledgetask.The psychology model,the mathematical model as well as the simulation model,for the process management and optimization of knowledge task have provided with aneffective method.Thirdly,the process of knowledge is mental operation and the result of knowledgetask is knowledge.Both process and result is different to manual work.The traditionalevaluation method of manual work is inefficient to knowledge management.So a keypoint of knowledge management is objective evaluation of knowledge task.The qualityof knowledge task is more important than the quantity.The difficulty is one of importantindicator of knowledge task quality.Both operation object and operation mode areessential elements of knowledge task.The way to measure they and how they affect thedifficulity of knoledege work were discussed.As is known to all,knowledge is main factor in the knowledge task.Either the processing object of knowledge task or the processing rule contains knowledge.In otherwords,both of them constitute by knowledge.Therefore,the key to evaluate knowledgetask is how to meausr the quantity of knowledge that contains in the knowledge task.This research has discussed the knowledge measure emphatically.Knowledge may notspan and grow continuously,so the paper proposed a new method which based on thesocial essential teaching time to measure the quantity of knowledge.The essentialteaching time is similar to the socially necessary labor time which was used to measurethe value of productions.As using the essential teaching time to measur knowledge hasthe objectivity,the uncertainty which was caused by different worker can be avoided.In fact,the intelligence and the brain function are hot spot of the contemporaryresearch,and non-damage experiment is an advanced method in this research area.Themethod of EEG(electroencephalogram),ERP(Event-Related Potential) and RT(Reaction Time) were used separately to measure the operating mode and evaluate thedifficulity of knowledge task.So a subjective variable can be measured by an objectivescale.The method to measure the psychological variable has provided an experimentalstudy model for scientific management.As a result,the major effect variable of knowledge task difficulty is knowledgequantity and operation mode.The experimental results demonstrated the exponentrelations between the knowledge quantity,the mental level of operation and thedifficulty.As knowledge is no dimension,knowledge ratio was used as unit tomeasure knowledge quantity too.Simultaneously the characteristics of knowledge task,such as the fuzziness,the uncertainty and the incompleteness,weight the difficulty ofknowledge task.Finally,the exploratory and the confirmation method were used to study essentialfactor of difficulty and the essential factor structure.On the questionnaire surveyfoundation SEM method was used to determine the structure weighting coefficients ofeach factor.Based on this and description model of the knowledge task difficulty,ageneral evaluation model of knowledge task difficulty can be structured.It will providea standard for the knowledge task management,the position evaluation,the task value,the performance assessment and so on.It has foundation significance for managementscience,also has the practical significance in the management practice.